0313090c-373e-4e2e-97f2-6cd0d4138e75 eng utf8 dataset dataset NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre +44 (0)1223 221400 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/business-teams/information-services/uk-polar-data-centre/ information pointOfContact 2021-08-05 ISO 19115 Geographic Information - Metadata ISO 19115:2003(E) European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) Geodetic Parameter Registry 2008-11-12 publication European Petroleum Survey Group EPSGadministrator@iogp.org https://www.epsg-registry.org/ EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset The EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset is a structured dataset of Coordinate Reference Systems and Coordinate Transformations, accessible through this online registry. information publisher urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::3031 6.18.3 South Orkney Fast-Ice Series (SOFI) - Version 2.0 2021-08-05 creation 2021-08-05 revision 2021-08-05 publication 2021-08-05 released 2.0 ( https://doi.org/10.5285/0313090c-373e-4e2e-97f2-6cd0d4138e75 doi GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01542 https://data.bas.ac.uk/ Please cite this item as: Murphy, E., Dunn, M., Turner, J., Clarke, A., & Abram, N. (2022). South Orkney Fast-Ice Series (SOFI) - Version 2.0 (Version 2.0) [Data set]. NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/0313090c-373e-4e2e-97f2-6cd0d4138e75 The South Orkney Fast-Ice series (SOFI) is an annual record of the timing of formation and breakout of fast-ice in Factory Cove, Signy Island, in the South Orkney Islands on the Scotia Arc in the northern Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Fast-ice formation and break-up has been studied at the South Orkeny Islands since the early 1900s, with this dataset covering the period of 1903 to 2019. This dataset is produced by personnel from the British Antarctic Survey, in efforts to study sea-ice variability in the Southern Hemisphere. Data was collected using various methods over the reporting period, namely an offset date from Laurie Island's fast-ice, direct observation, and with camera equipment. This is an updated version (2.0) of the dataset, that includes data from 2008 to 2019. No credit. completed Murphy, Eugene J British Antarctic Survey Researcher author Dunn, Michael J British Antarctic Survey Researcher author Turner, John British Antarctic Survey Researcher author Clarke, Andrew British Antarctic Survey Researcher author Abram, Nerilie Australian National University Researcher author NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre +44 (0)1223 221400 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom PDCServiceDesk@bas.ac.uk https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/business-teams/information-services/uk-polar-data-centre/ information pointOfContact asNeeded completed EARTH SCIENCE > Cryosphere > Sea Ice > Ice Extent EARTH SCIENCE > Cryosphere > Sea Ice > Ice Growth/Melt EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Sea Ice > Ice Extent EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Sea Ice > Ice Growth/Melt theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026-01-27 publication 23 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD United States of America https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Fast Ice Dynamics Long-term monitoring Signy Island South Orkney Islands theme Scotia Arc Weddell Sea Signy Island South Orkney Islands Southern Ocean place Oceanographic geographical features theme GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2021-01-06 revision otherRestrictions no limitations to public access otherRestrictions no limitations license Open Government Licence v3.0 otherRestrictions This dataset is published under the UK Open Government Licence V2.0 : http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/2/ otherRestrictions This dataset has no access constraints. doi doi crossReference doi doi crossReference url url crossReference textTable eng utf8 climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere environment -45.0 -45.0 -59.3333 -59.3333 1903-01-01 2019-01-01 It is recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of any data, and that the author be contacted with any questions regarding appropriate use. If you find any errors or omissions, please report them to polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk. NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre +44 (0)1223 221400 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom PDCServiceDesk@bas.ac.uk https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/business-teams/information-services/uk-polar-data-centre/ information distributor text/csv bytes 3072 https://ramadda.data.bas.ac.uk/repository/entry/show?entryid=0313090c-373e-4e2e-97f2-6cd0d4138e75 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Get Data Download data download dataset Methodology: As the dataset covers a large temporal range, data was collected using several methods. To estimate ice formation and breakup at Signy Island prior to 1947, before observations at Factory Cove on Signy started, a mean offset from the dates of ice formation and breakup at Laurie Island, Scotia Bay, was used. The offset was determined by comparing both datasets during an overlapping observation period, from 1947 to 1975. The mean offset was then applied to determine the dates of ice formation and breakup at Signy. Cross-calibration was done using a geometric regression (Murphy et al 1995; Murphy et al 2014). Between 1947 and 1994, direct observation at the Signy Island station (Factory Cove) was used to determine ice formation and breakup. During the austral winter, ice formation was slow, and researchers estimated the official date of ice-formation as when the ice could support the weight of a 'typical scientist' (Murphy et al 1995; Murphy et al 2014). The ice strength was first tested with a threshold of blows using various physical tools, dependent on the season. The end-date for ice-break-up was determined as always equal to or later than when consolidated pack-ice around the South Orkney Islands departed. This was because the ice did not melt at Factory Cove, and thus was dependent on pack-ice departure. Ice-break up was also determined by direct observation from researchers at Factory Cove (Murphy et al 2014). From the 1994/1995 austral summer onwards, data was collected using an automatic camera system with 35mm film. The system was mounted at Observation Bluff to look over Factory Cove. It took one photo per day, where clear images of formation and breakout periods were analysed to assess the date of ice formation and breakup. Some images were not usable as there was occasionally ice on the camera during the winter. Formation and breakup were defined as the latest day Factory Cove froze over and the day when it cleared completely, respectively. Short periods of open water were ignored. Since 2013, a new camera system was installed, using two adjacent mounted trail-cameras which are currently operational. The trail cameras implement small fraction size (1/4 inch 1/3 inch) CCD sensors, which are typically found in surveillance or computer-based cameras. They utilise a 5Mp CCD with options to either reduce image with compression to 3Mp or increase with interpolation to 8Mp. The trail cameras are mounted in the same position as the previously-used cameras and collect image frames identical to those historically collected with previous camera systems, facilitating direct comparison. Data collection: Automatic camera system with 35mm film 2 trail cameras with small fraction size (1/4 inch 1/3 inch) CCD sensors - utilising 5Mp CCD with options to reduce image with compression to 3Mp or increase with interpolation to 8Mp Data quality: This dataset is [Version 2] of the previous dataset that has observations up until 2008, and includes data up to 2019. As this dataset is a long-term monitoring project, methods differed throughout the 20th and 21st century. The different methods are described in the lineage section of this publication. Data was not collected for the years 2009 and 2015 due to camera failure. asNeeded completed