03940756-afe9-428b-8c69-275e6b889251 English ISO/IEC 8859-1 (also known as Latin 1) dataset dataset NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4AP UK info@eidc.ac.uk https://eidc.ac.uk/ EIDC website The Environmental Information Data Centre (EIDC) is the UK's national data centre for terrestrial and freshwater sciences. information pointOfContact 2025-11-20T17:20:06 UK GEMINI 2.3 OSGB 1936 / British National Grid Vector maps of the 1960 Second Land Utilisation Survey in England and Wales, from 110 published maps 2025-09-24 publication https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/03940756-afe9-428b-8c69-275e6b889251 10.5285/03940756-afe9-428b-8c69-275e6b889251 doi: Ridding, L.E., Wickenden, A.R., Orsler, Z., Rowland, C.S., Hampton, J.M., Mitchell, B., Edwardes, A., Mullin, K., Haughton, G., Thurston, N., Pola, I., Sinclair, G., Sinclair, M.R., Shaw, J., Pywell, R.F. (2025). Vector maps of the 1960 Second Land Utilisation Survey in England and Wales, from 110 published maps. NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre 10.5285/03940756-afe9-428b-8c69-275e6b889251 This is a vector dataset representing land use in the 1960s across a selection of areas in England and Wales. The land use data is digitised from 110 published maps of the 1960s Second Land Utilisation Survey (2LUS) which was directed by Professor Alice Coleman. The published maps were digitised using a semi-automated supervised classification, followed by extensive post-processing to clean the vector dataset. The resulting dataset maps 11 land-use categories including “Arable”, “Broadleaved and mixed woodland”, “Coastal”, “Coniferous woodland”, “Grassland”, “Heath, moorland and rough land”, “Market gardening and orchards”, “Open space”, “Settlement”, “Unvegetated land”, “Water and Marsh”. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/03940756-afe9-428b-8c69-275e6b889251 Ridding, L.E. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3141-8795 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information pointOfContact Ridding, L.E. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3141-8795 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Wickenden, A.R. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology a.r.wickenden@hotmail.com author Orsler, Z. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk author Rowland, C.S. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk author Hampton, J.M. Office for National Statistics jen.hampton@ons.gov.uk author Mitchell, B. Office for National Statistics bruce.mitchell@ons.gov.uk author Edwardes, A. Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs alistair.edwardes@defra.gov.uk author Mullin, K. Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs karen.mullin@defra.gov.uk author Haughton, G. Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs gavin.haughton@defra.gov.uk author Thurston, N. Wood PLC neil.thurston@owcltd.com author Pola, I. Wood PLC ivano.geo@gmail.com author Sinclair, G. Environment Information Services geoffrey.eis@btinternet.com author Sinclair, M.R. Environment Information Services environmentinformationservices@btinternet.com author Shaw, J. King's College je.shaw50@btopenworld.com author Pywell, R.F. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk author UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk owner NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre info@eidc.ac.uk custodian NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre info@eidc.ac.uk publisher Land Use Land Cover theme GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2008-06-01 publication habitat land cover land use mapping GEMET - Concepts, version 4.1.3 2019-01-28 creation Land use Land cover England Wales otherRestrictions no limitations otherRestrictions This resource is available under the terms of the Open Government Licence otherRestrictions If you reuse this data, you should cite: Ridding, L.E., Wickenden, A.R., Orsler, Z., Rowland, C.S., Hampton, J.M., Mitchell, B., Edwardes, A., Mullin, K., Haughton, G., Thurston, N., Pola, I., Sinclair, G., Sinclair, M.R., Shaw, J., Pywell, R.F. (2025). Vector maps of the 1960 Second Land Utilisation Survey in England and Wales, from 110 published maps. NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre https://doi.org/10.5285/03940756-afe9-428b-8c69-275e6b889251 vector 10 English utf8 environment 1960-01-01 1960-12-31 -6.452 1.768 49.864 55.812 -5.473 -2.654 51.375 53.434 Shapefile NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre info@eidc.ac.uk distributor https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/sd/03940756-afe9-428b-8c69-275e6b889251.zip Supporting information Supporting information available to assist in re-use of this dataset information https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/data/03940756-afe9-428b-8c69-275e6b889251 Download the data Download a copy of this data download dataset dataset Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 All 110 published Second Land Utilisation Survey (2LUS) maps were digitised using a semi-automated supervised classification method. Firstly, maps were scanned and saved as Tiff images at 300 dots per inch at a colour depth of 8 bits per channel (24-bit depth). These were georeferenced in ArcGIS v10.7 using the Ordnance Survey (OS) 1km National Grid. For the classification, georeferenced 3-band images were converted to 16-bit single band images (256 colours). A manual look-up table was created for each map image identifying the dominant unique pixel values of the different land use classes. Any “noise” present on the images including text, contour lines and symbols were assigned a single blank value of 0. Similarly, pixel values which were common to multiple land use classes, such as the white colour were also assigned to 0. For these reasons it was not possible to classify either the “unvegetated land” or the “derelict land” land use categories. The model reclassified the 256 colours within a range of 0 to 10, representing the 10 land use categories and the noise category (pixel value = 0), with the latter being removed and replaced. Classified images were vectorised and manually cleaned using eliminate functions in ArcGIS. All “unvegetated land” was manually digitised as this could not be classified, along with a new category for “coastal” areas which were not classified. Railway lines, roads and very small rivers were inconsistently classified and were therefore removed, while “industry” and “transport” classes were grouped with “settlement” to ensure uniformity. “Derelict land” could not be classified but was often mapped in the classification as “settlement”, so this was later grouped with this category. Woodland was manually split into broadleaved and coniferous using the woodland symbology provided on the OS background, this usually aligned with the manual over-printed symbols but the latter was not present for all woodlands, thus the OS backdrop was used. The date of each OS basemap varied, however these were largely published or reprinted in the 1960s and were largely consistent with the surveyed land cover data, though there were exceptions e.g. Bristol East. To validate the classified 2LUS maps, 3,000 random points were generated across the digitised maps. For each point, a manual assessment was undertaken assigning the most representative land cover class to the point based on the raw georeferenced 3-band images. A confusion matrix between the manually assigned points and the classified 2LUS maps revealed an overall accuracy of 95.8%. Please see supporting documentation for more information.