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Data quality: 
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&#xD;
abs(x_i - mean(x_month)) / stddev(x_month)&#xD;
&#xD;
where we took the absolute value of the variable [x_i], then subtracted x_i by the mean of x_i values measured in that month [x_month] (using the DATE column), and then divided over the standard deviation of x_i values measured in that same month [stdev_x_month]. Using values only within the same month was to constrain the calculation to a range of values subject to seasonal variation, that would otherwise yield results that could include, for example, temperatures expected during the summer as well as the winter.&#xD;
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&#xD;
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