Forecast regression model of the northern Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) high-latitude ionospheric plasma motion built from data interval 1997-2008 inclusive

A forecast model of the northern high-latitude ionospheric plasma motion as observed by the SuperDARN radars. The model comprises a set of regression coefficients. The user needs to specify the day-of-year and the monthly mean of the solar radio flux at 10.7 cm/2800 MHz, often called the f10.7 index. They also need to provide the value of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) component By and the Sun-Earth component of the solar wind velocity Vx, both in geocentric solar magnetospheric (GSM) coordinates. The regression coefficients are provided as two files, one can be used to model the north-south (NS) component of the plasma motion and the other to model the east-west (EW) component of the motion.

Funding was provided by NERC standard grant numbers: NE/V002732/1, NE/N01099X/1, NE/V00283X/1, NE/V002686/1 and NE/T000937/1.

Date (Creation): 2023-01-13

Date (Revision): 2023-01-13

Date (Publication): 2023-01-13

Date (released): 2023-01-13

Edition: 1.0

Unique resource identifier: https://doi.org/10.5285/22272b8e-1aa3-483b-9867-224fe02db4e8

Codespace: doi

Unique resource identifier: GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01706

Codespace: https://data.bas.ac.uk/

Unique resource identifier: NE/N01099X/1

Codespace: award

Unique resource identifier: NE/T000937/1

Codespace: award

Other citation details: Please cite this item as: Lam, M., Shore, R., Chisham, G., & Freeman, M. (2023). Forecast regression model of the northern Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) high-latitude ionospheric plasma motion built from data interval 1997-2008 inclusive (Version 1.0) [Data set]. NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/22272b8e-1aa3-483b-9867-224fe02db4e8

Credit: No credit.

Status: Completed

Point of contact

Organisation name	Individual name	Electronic mail address	Role
British Antarctic Survey	Lam, Mai Mai		Author
British Antarctic Survey	Shore, Robert		Author
British Antarctic Survey	Chisham, Gareth		Author
British Antarctic Survey	Freeman, Mervyn		Author
NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre		PDCServiceDesk@bas.ac.uk	Point of contact

Maintenance and update frequency: As needed

Maintenance note: Completed

Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords

Theme

Ionospheric electric field
Solar wind effects on ionosphere
SuperDARN
Upper atmosphere dynamics
onospheric plasma convection

Place

F-region Ionosphere

GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0

Atmospheric conditions

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Use constraints: License

Other constraints: Open Government Licence v3.0

Use constraints: Other restrictions

Other constraints: Data released under Open Government Licence V3.0:

Use constraints: Other restrictions

Other constraints: None

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Codespace: url

Association Type: dependency

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Association Type: dependency

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Codespace: doi

Association Type: Cross reference

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Codespace: doi

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Codespace: url

Association Type: Larger work citation

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Codespace: url

Association Type: Larger work citation

Unique resource identifier: url

Codespace: url

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Unique resource identifier: doi

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Spatial representation type: Text, table

Language: English

Character set: UTF8

Topic category

Climatology, meteorology, atmosphere

Begin date: 1997-01-01

End date: 2008-12-31

Vertical extent

Minimum value: 250.0

Maximum value: 400.0

Vertical CS

No information provided.

Vertical datum

No information provided.

Supplemental Information: It is recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of any data, and that the author be contacted with any questions regarding appropriate use. If you find any errors or omissions, please report them to polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk.

Title: European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) Geodetic Parameter Registry

Date (Publication): 2008-11-12

Cited responsible party

Organisation name	Individual name	Electronic mail address	Role
European Petroleum Survey Group		EPSGadministrator@iogp.org	Publisher

Unique resource identifier: urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::3031

Version: 6.18.3

Distributor

Distributor contact

Organisation name	Individual name	Electronic mail address	Role
NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre		PDCServiceDesk@bas.ac.uk	Distributor

Distributor format

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text/plain

Units of distribution: bytes

Transfer size: 274432

OnLine resource

Protocol	Linkage	Name
WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link	https://ramadda.data.bas.ac.uk/repository/entry/show?entryid=22272b8e-1aa3-483b-9867-224fe02db4e8	Get Data

Hierarchy level: Dataset

Statement: Methodology:

Our data set was derived from a reanalysis of SuperDARN plasma velocity data: Shore, R., Freeman, M., Chisham, G., Lam, M. M., & Breen, P. (2022). Dominant spatial and temporal patterns of horizontal ionospheric plasma velocity variation covering the northern polar region, from 1997.0 to 2009.0 - VERSION 2.0 (Version 2.0) [Data set]. NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/2b9f0e9f-34ec-4467-9e02-abc771070cd9. The Shore et al. (2022) reanalysis data covers the period 1997.0 to 2009.0 at 5-min resolution. The scientific motivation and details of the methodology of its production are described in Shore et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029272.

We performed a regression analysis on the Shore et al. (2022) reanalysis data, which resulted in the forecast model regression coefficients published here. The regression analysis occurred via two steps described in Section 3 of Lam et al. (see References below), submitted to the journal Space Weather in January 2023:

Step A: see Section 3.2 of Lam et al. (2023). Regression of each component of the SuperDARN plasma velocity with respect to 5-min averages of the epsilon solar wind coupling function (Koskinen and Tanskanen, 2012 https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JA009283), IMF By, and a constant. This produced 3 regression coefficients (the slope in epsilon, the slope in By and the constant) for every location and month (3 step A coefficients x 559 locations x 144 months).

Step B: see Section 3.3 of Lam et al. (2023). Regression of each set of regression coefficients (each of size 559 x 144) produced in Step A with respect to 4 variables: sin x, cos x, the monthly mean value of f10.7, and a constant, where x = 2pi (tj - 79)/365.25 and tj is the day-of-year in the middle of the 12 months of the year (j = 1 to 12). This produced 12 regression coefficients for each velocity component, so 24 in total (3 step A coefficients x 4 step B coefficients x 2 velocity components).

Use of regression coefficients. The plasma velocity can be forecast (or hindcast) by reading in these 24 regression coefficients from two ACSII files and using them in Equations 6, and subsequently Equations 5 of Lam et al. (2023). An example of how this is done is given by the IDL programme 'read_BAS_convection.pro'. Please see Data structure and data format below for details. 

Data collection:

The authors gratefully acknowledge the use of SuperDARN data. The original plasma velocity observations were gathered using the northern hemisphere radars of the SuperDARN global array. SuperDARN is a collection of radars funded by the national scientific funding agencies of Australia, Canada, China, France, Italy, Japan, Norway, South Africa, United Kingdom, and the United States. The fitted Doppler velocities were processed from the original autocorrelation functions using version 4.5 of the radar software toolkit (RSTv4.5) and within that toolkit, fitting routine 'FitACF v2.5'. The fitted Doppler velocities were analysed using multiple data-interpolating empirical orthogonal function eigenanalyses for the period 1997.0 to 2009.0 at 5-min resolution, extending between the north magnetic pole and 30 degrees colatitude, as described in Shore et al., 2021 DOI: 10.1029/2021JA029272.

Data quality:

The SuperDARN radar observations were processed to remove ground scatter, and to eliminate measurements with too low power (lower than 3dB), or which had a poor-quality flag (identified in RSTv4.0). When binning the data, range gates below 11 and above 150 (where those values correspond to a multiple of the 45 km range distance from the radar array location) were not used, since these gave inaccurate locational estimates.

The Shore et al. (2022) eigenanalyses of the radar data were performed on a spatial grid with 559 locations, so we keep the same grid for consistency. We recombined all 10 spatial and temporal modes for the 12-year interval. The resulting velocities have NaN (not a number) values for co-latitudes greater than 30 degrees, and for the single point exactly at the pole. For this reason, our forecast model regression coefficients also have NaN values for co-latitudes greater than 30 degrees and the pole.

Metadata

File identifier: 22272b8e-1aa3-483b-9867-224fe02db4e8 XML

Metadata language: English

Character set: UTF8

Hierarchy level: Dataset

Hierarchy level name: dataset

Date stamp: 2023-01-13

Metadata standard name: ISO 19115 Geographic Information - Metadata

Metadata standard version: ISO 19115:2003(E)

Metadata author

Organisation name	Individual name	Electronic mail address	Role
NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre		polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk	Point of contact

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