2dce161d-2fab-47bb-9fe6-38e7ed1ae18a English ISO/IEC 8859-1 (also known as Latin 1) dataset dataset NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4AP UK info@eidc.ac.uk https://eidc.ac.uk/ EIDC website The Environmental Information Data Centre (EIDC) is the UK's national data centre for terrestrial and freshwater sciences. information pointOfContact 2025-11-13T16:26:24 UK GEMINI 2.3 WGS 84 Daily and sub-daily hydrometeorological and soil moisture data (2013-2024) [COSMOS-UK] 2025-06-24 publication https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/2dce161d-2fab-47bb-9fe6-38e7ed1ae18a 10.5285/2dce161d-2fab-47bb-9fe6-38e7ed1ae18a doi: Stanley, S., Antoniou, V., Askquith-Ellis, A., Ball, L., Bennett, E.S., Blake, J.R., Boorman, D.B., Brookes, M., Clarke, M.A., Cooper, H.M., Cowan, N.J., Cumming, A., Evans, J.G., Farrand, P., Fry, M., Harvey, D., Houghton-Carr, H., Howson, T., Jiménez-Arranz, G., Keen, Y., Khamis, D., Leeson, S., Lord, W.D., Morrison, R., Nash, G.V., O'Callaghan, F., Retter, A., Rylett, D., Scarlett, P.M., Smith, R.J., St Quintin, P., Swain, O., Szczykulska, M., Teagle, S., Thornton, J.L., Trill, E.J., Vincent, P., Ward, H.C., Warwick, A.C., Winterbourn, J.B. (2025). Daily and sub-daily hydrometeorological and soil moisture data (2013-2024) [COSMOS-UK]. NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre 10.5285/2dce161d-2fab-47bb-9fe6-38e7ed1ae18a This dataset contains daily and sub-daily hydrometeorological and soil moisture observations from the COSMOS-UK (cosmic-ray soil moisture) monitoring network from October 2013 to the end of 2024 . These data are from 51 sites across the UK recording a range of hydrometeorological and soil variables. Each site in the network records the following hydrometeorological and soil data at 30-minute resolution: Radiation (short wave, long wave, and net), precipitation, atmospheric pressure, air temperature, wind speed and direction, humidity, soil heat flux, and soil temperature and volumetric water content (VWC), measured by point sensors at various depths. Each site hosts a cosmic-ray sensing probe; a novel sensor technology which counts fast neutrons in the surrounding atmosphere. In combination with the recorded hydrometeorological data, neutron counts are used to derive VWC over a field scale (COSMOS VWC), provide at daily resolution. The presence of snow leads to erroneously high measurements of COSMOS VWC due to all the extra water in the surrounding area. Included in the daily data are indications of snow days, on which, the COSMOS VWC are adjusted, and the snow water equivalent (SWE) is given. The potential evapotranspiration (PE), derived from recorded hydrometeorological and soil are also included at daily resolution. Two levels of quality control are carried out, firstly data is run through a series of automated checks, such as range tests and spike tests, and then all data is manually inspected each week where any other faults are picked up, including sensor faults or connection issues. Quality control flags are provided for all recorded (30 minute) data , indicating the reason for any missing data. This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/Y006208/1 as part of the UKCEH NC-UK programme delivering National Capability. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/2dce161d-2fab-47bb-9fe6-38e7ed1ae18a Richard Smith UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6447-6740 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information pointOfContact Stanley, S. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8303-2969 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Antoniou, V. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology vantoniou@aua.gr https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6011-4075 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Askquith-Ellis, A. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk author Ball, L. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0203-5958 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Bennett, E.S. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7398-9268 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Blake, J.R. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1033-4712 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Boorman, D.B. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology dbboorman@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6436-5266 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Brookes, M. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7439-0393 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Clarke, M.A. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology mrmaclarke@gmail.com author Cooper, H.M. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1382-3407 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Cowan, N.J. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7473-7916 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Cumming, A. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5704-9006 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Evans, J.G. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4194-1416 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Farrand, P. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology pb.farrand@talktalk.net author Fry, M. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1142-4039 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Harvey, D. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9102-5413 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Houghton-Carr, H. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4465-2169 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Howson, T. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9822-316X ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Jiménez-Arranz, G. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology gjarranz@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4445-8272 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Keen, Y. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk author Khamis, D. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology doran.khamis@gmail.com author Leeson, S. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk author Lord, W.D. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2987-488X ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Morrison, R. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1847-3127 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Nash, G.V. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1611-2042 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author O'Callaghan, F. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk author Retter, A. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk author Rylett, D. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology danielrylett@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7426-1153 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Scarlett, P.M. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk author Smith, R.J. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6447-6740 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author St Quintin, P. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology pstquintin@googlemail.com author Swain, O. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk author Szczykulska, M. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5820-7093 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Teagle, S. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk author Thornton, J.L. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology jenna.l.thornton@hotmail.co.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-4823 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Trill, E.J. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology emilytrill@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6233-8942 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Vincent, P. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk author Ward, H.C. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology helen.ward@uibk.ac.at https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8881-185X ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Warwick, A.C. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk author Winterbourn, J.B. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology benwinterbourn@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1318-5281 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology EMAIL NOT PROVIDED owner NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre info@eidc.ac.uk custodian NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre info@eidc.ac.uk publisher Environmental Monitoring Facilities theme GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2008-06-01 publication atmospheric humidity air temperature soil soil moisture atmospheric precipitation evapotranspiration GEMET - Concepts, version 4.1.3 2019-01-28 creation Agriculture Climate and climate change Ecosystem services Environmental survey Hydrology Land use Soil COSMOS-UK Absolute humidity Atmospheric pressure Cosmic-Ray sensing probe Longwave radiation Shortwave radiation Net radiation Potential evapotranspiration Rainfall Relative humidity Soil heat flux Soil humidity Soil temperature Soil water content Soil wetness Soil depth 2cm Soil depth 5cm Soil depth 10cm Soil depth 20cm Soil depth 50cm UK Volumetric water content VWC Wind direction Wind speed Latent heat Sensible heat otherRestrictions no limitations otherRestrictions This resource is available under the terms of the Open Government Licence otherRestrictions If you reuse this data, you should cite: Stanley, S., Antoniou, V., Askquith-Ellis, A., Ball, L., Bennett, E.S., Blake, J.R., Boorman, D.B., Brookes, M., Clarke, M.A., Cooper, H.M., Cowan, N.J., Cumming, A., Evans, J.G., Farrand, P., Fry, M., Harvey, D., Houghton-Carr, H., Howson, T., Jiménez-Arranz, G., Keen, Y., Khamis, D., Leeson, S., Lord, W.D., Morrison, R., Nash, G.V., O'Callaghan, F., Retter, A., Rylett, D., Scarlett, P.M., Smith, R.J., St Quintin, P., Swain, O., Szczykulska, M., Teagle, S., Thornton, J.L., Trill, E.J., Vincent, P., Ward, H.C., Warwick, A.C., Winterbourn, J.B. (2025). Daily and sub-daily hydrometeorological and soil moisture data (2013-2024) [COSMOS-UK]. NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre https://doi.org/10.5285/2dce161d-2fab-47bb-9fe6-38e7ed1ae18a textTable English utf8 climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere environment geoscientificInformation 2013-01-01 2024-12-31 -8.648 1.768 49.864 60.861 Comma-separated values (CSV) NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre info@eidc.ac.uk distributor https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/datastore/eidchub/2dce161d-2fab-47bb-9fe6-38e7ed1ae18a Download the data Download a copy of this data fileAccess https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/sd/2dce161d-2fab-47bb-9fe6-38e7ed1ae18a.zip Supporting information Supporting information available to assist in re-use of this dataset information dataset dataset Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 Hydrometeorological and soil observations are recorded at sites around the UK using an array of sensors. Every hour, the raw data collected is sent to UKCEH in Wallingford, where it is subject to quality control. Soil volumetric water content data are derived from 30-minute hydrometeorological data and data from the cosmic-ray sensing probe by Python scripts run every hour. The data are calculated using the method outlined in Evans et al. 2016. Snow water equivalents are derived by Python scripts at the end of the day from the hydrometeorological data according to Wallbank et al., 2020. Potential evapotranspiration data are derived by Python scripts at the end of the day from the hydrometeorological data according to the Penman-Monteith method, (FAO Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56). All data (including raw, quality controlled and derived) is saved in an Oracle database.