3141b3df-2a16-47fd-a9de-6da30950c1fd eng utf8 dataset dataset NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre +44 (0)1223 221400 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/business-teams/information-services/uk-polar-data-centre/ information pointOfContact 2008-06-16 ISO 19115 Geographic Information - Metadata ISO 19115:2003(E) European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) Geodetic Parameter Registry 2008-11-12 publication European Petroleum Survey Group EPSGadministrator@iogp.org https://www.epsg-registry.org/ EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset The EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset is a structured dataset of Coordinate Reference Systems and Coordinate Transformations, accessible through this online registry. information publisher urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::3031 6.18.3 Internal layers in the Antarctic Ice Sheet 2008-06-16 creation 2008-06-16 revision 2008-06-16 publication 2008-06-16 released 1 3141b3df-2a16-47fd-a9de-6da30950c1fd uuid GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/00326 https://data.bas.ac.uk/ Please cite this item as: None This database provides access to internal layers digitised from airborne radio-echo sounding (RES) surveys conducted across the Antarctic Ice Sheet by a consortium of the UK Scott Polar Research Institute, US National Science Foundation and the Technical University of Denmark between 1974 and 1979. The internal layers at the time of surveying were only recorded onto film. In 2004 the original film records were scanned into a digital database, and from 2004-2006 'digitised' internal layers were retrieved from the new electronic records. The database contains digitised internal layers from the original analogue records, as well as 3-dimensional visualisations of the internal layers overlaid over Antarctic subglacial topography (BEDMAP). The RES surveys conducted by this SPRI-NSF-TUD consortium took in approximately 400,000 km of flight track across both the West and East Antarctic Ice Sheets. Covering ~70% of the ice sheet overall. The surveys were driven principally by a desire to measure ice thickness, but also captured numerous internal layers existing through most of the depth profile across large swathes of the ice sheet. Compilation of the database was sponsored by the NERC Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, and the data is hosted by NERC/British Antarctic Survey. No credit. completed Bingham, Rob British Antarctic Survey Researcher author NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre +44 (0)1223 221400 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom PDCServiceDesk@bas.ac.uk https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/business-teams/information-services/uk-polar-data-centre/ information pointOfContact asNeeded completed EARTH SCIENCE > Cryosphere > Glaciers/Ice Sheets > Ice Sheets theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026-01-27 publication 23 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD United States of America https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Antarctic ice-sheet RES ice thickness ice-sheet radio-echo sounding theme West Antarctic Ice Sheet Antarctica East Antarctic Ice Sheet Antarctica place Elevation theme GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2021-01-06 revision otherRestrictions no limitations to public access otherRestrictions no limitations license Open Government Licence v3.0 otherRestrictions Data released under Open Government Licence V3.0 : otherRestrictions No restrictions apply. url url crossReference url url largerWorkCitation textTable eng utf8 climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere environment geoscientificInformation -180.0 180.0 -90.0 90.0 1974-01-01 1979-01-01 It is recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of any data, and that the author be contacted with any questions regarding appropriate use. If you find any errors or omissions, please report them to polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk. NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre +44 (0)1223 221400 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom PDCServiceDesk@bas.ac.uk https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/business-teams/information-services/uk-polar-data-centre/ information distributor bytes 1 https://legacy.bas.ac.uk/bas_research/data/access/res/data.php WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Get Data Download data download dataset Methodology: In 2004, as part of a NERC Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling (CPOM) initiative led by Professor Martin Siegert, then based in the Bristol Glaciology Centre, photographic copies of the raw 35 mm film records were scanned, and each scan was reformatted to form a single electronic copy of a RES transect (i.e. a 'jpeg' or 'tiff' file). Each transect was loaded into an image analysis package (i.e. ERDAS ImagineTM) in which internal layers were traced. The traced layers, in addition to the ice surface and bed, were then digitised at each navigational control point. The resulting dataset was then standardised with respect to the ice surface, such that the data relate to depths below the surface of the ice sheet. A CPOM follow-up to this work, conducted between 2005 and 2006 by Dr. Robert Bingham, then also based at the Bristol Glaciology Centre, was concerned with emplacing these data into a 3-D environment. This website provides a repository for both the 2-D traced internal layers and their visualisations within a 3-D environment. Data collection: RES data were collected using a 60 MHz system with a 250 ns pulse length. Navigation proceeded through the use of an inertial aircraft system, and although not as accurate as that which can be achieved using modern GPS, navigational accuracy was typically attained to within 1 km, an acceptable resolution for most ice-sheet modelling applications. Because the survey programme preceded the 'digital age', data recording was analogue only. Data were recorded onto 35 mm photographic film as 'Z-scope' 'radargrams', in which single RES pulses are stacked next to one another in a time-dependent manner, and navigational tick-marks added to these records enabled tying-in of the records with geographical waypoints. These data represent pseudo-cross-sections of the ice sheet from which internal layers can be viewed, traced and extracted. Nevertheless, prior to 2004, the analogue records pertaining to internal layers remained largely unused in glaciological applications: this was primarily because the data were not in digital form thus it was difficult and time-consuming to extract information relevant to modelling. asNeeded completed