Acoustic backscatter and environmental data for the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean 2006, 2008, 2009, 2015, 2016 and 2017

This is data set held in two csv files, one DATA file contains the data and an accompanying NOTES file that provides additional detail on abbreviations. It contains processed acoustic backscatter (NASC) data that is coupled with environmental data. Acoustic backscatter data is from 13 acoustic transects spanning the Scotia Sea and major Southern Ocean fronts, obtained during cruises JR161, JR177, JR200, JR15002, JR15004 and JR16003 (2006-2017). Data were collected using a Simrad EK60 echo sounder at 38 kHz. The EK60 was run continuously between Stanley (Falkland Islands) and Signy (South Orkney Islands), Stanley and South Georgia. Environmental data includes: sea surface temperature, bathymetry, geopotential height, geostrophic current speeds, sea ice concentration, sea ice zone, time of day (day/night), sea temperature at 200m, distance to coast, net primary productivity, and hours of daylight. Environmental data are compiled from external data sources.

Funding was provided by the NERC grants NE/L002434/1 and bas010017.

Date (Creation): 2021-12-17

Date (Revision): 2021-12-17

Date (Publication): 2021-12-17

Date (released): 2021-12-17

Edition: 1.0

Unique resource identifier: https://doi.org/10.5285/42cb66b9-f515-41bc-8b9a-6dc9cb0e5624

Codespace: doi

Unique resource identifier: GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01594

Codespace: https://data.bas.ac.uk/

Unique resource identifier: NE/L002434/1

Codespace: award

Other citation details: Please cite this item as: Dornan, T., & Fielding, S. (2021). Acoustic backscatter and environmental data for the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean 2006, 2008, 2009, 2015, 2016 and 2017 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/42cb66b9-f515-41bc-8b9a-6dc9cb0e5624

Credit: No credit.

Status: Completed

Point of contact

Organisation name	Individual name	Electronic mail address	Role
British Antarctic Survey	Dornan, Tracey		Author
British Antarctic Survey	Fielding, Sophie		Author
NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre		PDCServiceDesk@bas.ac.uk	Point of contact

Maintenance and update frequency: As needed

Maintenance note: Completed

Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords

Theme

Acoustic backscatter
EK60
Scotia Sea
Southern Ocean
oceanographic data

Place

Scotia Sea, South Orkney Islands, South Georgia Southern Ocean

GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0

Oceanographic geographical features

Access constraints: Other restrictions

Other constraints: no limitations to public access

Access constraints: Other restrictions

Other constraints: no limitations

Use constraints: License

Other constraints: Open Government Licence v3.0

Use constraints: Other restrictions

Other constraints: Data released under Open Government Licence V3.0:

Use constraints: Other restrictions

Other constraints: No restrictions apply.

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Spatial representation type: Text, table

Language: English

Character set: UTF8

Topic category

Environment
Oceans

Begin date: 2006-10-25

End date: 2017-01-08

Supplemental Information: It is recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of any data, and that the author be contacted with any questions regarding appropriate use. If you find any errors or omissions, please report them to polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk.

Title: European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) Geodetic Parameter Registry

Date (Publication): 2008-11-12

Cited responsible party

Organisation name	Individual name	Electronic mail address	Role
European Petroleum Survey Group		EPSGadministrator@iogp.org	Publisher

Unique resource identifier: urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::3031

Version: 6.18.3

Distributor

Distributor contact

Organisation name	Individual name	Electronic mail address	Role
NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre		PDCServiceDesk@bas.ac.uk	Distributor

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text/plain
text/csv

Units of distribution: bytes

Transfer size: 3479552

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Protocol	Linkage	Name
WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link	https://ramadda.data.bas.ac.uk/repository/entry/show?entryid=42cb66b9-f515-41bc-8b9a-6dc9cb0e5624	Get Data

Units of distribution: bytes

Transfer size: 3479552

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Protocol	Linkage	Name
WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link	https://ramadda.data.bas.ac.uk/repository/entry/show?entryid=42cb66b9-f515-41bc-8b9a-6dc9cb0e5624	Get Data

Hierarchy level: Dataset

Statement: Methodology:

Detailed acoustic surveys for mesopelagic fish were conducted in the Scotia Sea as part of the British Antarctic Survey's Discovery 2010 programme, as described in Collins et al. (2012). Follow up investigations were carried out using the same methods during JR15004 and JR16003. We used an EK60 echosounder operating at 38 kHz to collect acoustic data, pinging at a rate of 0.3 - 1 Hz. Nautical Area Scattering Coefficient (NASC, m2 nmi-2) a linear measure of acoustic backscatter, was integrated between depths of 17 m to 1000 m or maximum available, in 1 km distance sampling units. Acoustic data was coupled with environmental data from weekly or monthly climatologies. All environmental data was extracted corresponding to the same date that the acoustic sample was collected or the nearest prior date (for weekly or monthly climatologies), by latitude and longitude, with the exception of net primary productivity, which was extracted from a mean climatology spanning Jan-Mar 2005-2017, as this was being used to characterise regions of high and low productivity.

The environmental data were compiled from external data sources using r package raster to re-project NPP and Sea Ice data to WGS84 using bilinear interpolation. Geostrophic current speed was calculated from eastward and northward velocity data. Environmental data includes: sea surface temperature (°C), bathymetry (m), geopotential height (m), geostrophic current speeds (ms-1), sea ice concentration (%), sea ice zone, time of day (day/night), sea temperature at 200m (°C), distance to coast (km), net primary productivity (mgC m-2 d-1), and hours of daylight.

Data collection:

Acoustic Data collected using a Simrad EK60 echo sounder

Acoustic Data processed using Echoview version 8.0.95.32073

Analysis in R version 3.5.3

Data quality:

The acoustic data was calibrated at least once per field season using standard calibration spheres and methods (Demer et al. 2015). The data was cleaned in Echoview to remove bad data regions, including false bottom echoes, seabed, surface near-field, intermittent noise and attenuated signal (all set to 'no-data'). Data was integrated in 1km distance by 10m depth cells. Further removal of data in water shallower than 1000m was carried out in R version 3.5.3 and the top 1% of high NASC values were manually scrutinised to check for any residual noise bias. Less than 10% of high NASC values were found to be attributable to noise and these were excluded from further analysis.

For environmental data coupled with NASC, Environmental data was extracted at the location of NASC using r package raster (Hijmans, 2018). The majority of climatology data was already in WGS84 projection, with the exception of Sea Icea and NPP data which were reprojected rasterProject() funtion with bilinear interpolation.

Metadata

File identifier: 42cb66b9-f515-41bc-8b9a-6dc9cb0e5624 XML

Metadata language: English

Character set: UTF8

Hierarchy level: Dataset

Hierarchy level name: dataset

Date stamp: 2021-12-17

Metadata standard name: ISO 19115 Geographic Information - Metadata

Metadata standard version: ISO 19115:2003(E)

Metadata author

Organisation name	Individual name	Electronic mail address	Role
NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre		polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk	Point of contact

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