Pan-Atlantic comparison of deep-water macrobenthos diversity collected by epibenthic sledge sampling and analysis of patterns and environmental drivers.

Comparable deep-water benthos datasets collected by epibenthic sledges (EBS) with an epibenthic and a suprabenthic netsampler in the Atlantic Ocean have been gathered since 2006. They were collected during the international research expeditions: ANDEEP-SYSTCO II, BIOPEARL I, DIVA1-3, IceAGE1-3&RR, IceDIVA1,2, JR275 and Vema-TRANSIT. While EBS diversity data at high taxon level were published for ANDEEP_SYSTCO II, DIVA1-3 and Vema-TRANSIT, unpublished diversity data for BIOPEARL I, IceAGE1-3&RR, IceDIVA1, 2 and JR275 came from sample databases at DZMB Senckenberg and British Antarctic Survey, and are published here for the first time. In total, diversity data for 143 EBS deployments from 13 expeditions were available for analyses based on identification on 50 taxon levels, including phyla, subphyla, classes and orders. During all 13 expeditions EBS with an epibenthic and a suprabenthic netsampler following sampler sizes and height , enabling comparability of samples. This type of EBS was a suitable device for sampling small benthic fauna on and above the seabed, including macrofauna and small-sized megafauna. We analyse pan-Atlantic benthic data from a range (119m - 8338m) of depths. For the pan-Atlantic analyses we defined seven regions to pool EBS locations based on their position North and South of the Equator and to the mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR): East and West of the MAR, the Vema Fracture Zone as a gap in the MAR, the Southern Ocean south of the MAR and the Puerto Rico Trench as a deep-sea trench. In this study we included data for 41 higher taxa of the initially separated 50 taxa ranging from phyla to orders. The environmental parameters for this study were provided by Bio-ORACLE, which identifies mean values for different physical and chemical variables over a 14 year time period through a combination of satellite and in-situ measurements (2000 - 2014), at a resolution of 5 arcmin. 4 multivariate analyses (principal components analysis, analysis of similarities, similarity of percentages and BioEnv BEST) were carried out on standardised abundances using PRIMER software, the results and parameters of which are presented in this dataset.





Funding over the years for the sample collection and analyses was provided by multiple NERC grants and international grants. Katrin Linse, Peter Enderlein and Huw J. Griffiths were part of the British Antarctic Survey Polar Science for Planet Earth Programme funded by The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NC-Science] and included the funding for the RSS James Clark Ross expeditions BIOPEARL I and JR275. This study was directly funded by the IceAGE_RR and IceDIVA grants by the German Science Foundation (DFG) and Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) under grant numbers MSM75 (MerMet17-5), SO280 and SO286 to PIs Saskia Brix, James Taylor and Katrin Linse. Funding for previous expeditions that provided data were: IceAGE1-3, BR3843-3-1& 4-1, & SO276 (MerMet17-6). James Taylor and Karlotta Kurzel were supported via DFG grant GPF 20-3_087 as part of the IceDiva project 2021 - 2022 by DFG. Anne-Nina Lorz was funded by the German Science Foundation Project IceAGE Amphipoda, LO2543/1-1. Additionally, Angelika Brandt was granted funding (SO 237, Forderziffer 03G0237A) by the Bauer Foundation for the VEMA-Transit project. Inmaculada Frutos was supported through the junior research group''Vema TRANSIT. Puerto Rico Trench, Vema Fracture Zone and Abyssal Atlantic Biodiversity Study'' as part of the project ''Biodiversitatnachhaltige Ressourcennutzun'' (Aktenzeichen T237/25054/).

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Date (Creation)
2023-03-14
Date (Revision)
2023-03-14
Date (Publication)
2023-03-14
Date (released)
2023-03-14
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1.0
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https://doi.org/10.5285/58080f33-884c-4e13-a419-c00cf1bab6a6
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GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01719
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Please cite this item as: Kuerzel, K., Linse, K., Brandt, A., Brenke, N., Enderlein, P., Griffiths, H., Kaiser, S., Svavarsson, J., Loerz, A.-N., Frutos, I., Taylor, J., & Brix, S. (2023). Pan-Atlantic comparison of deep-water macrobenthos diversity collected by epibenthic sledge sampling and analysis of patterns and environmental drivers. (Version 1.0) [Data set]. NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/58080F33-884C-4E13-A419-C00CF1BAB6A6

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Organisation name Individual name Electronic mail address Role
Universität Hamburg Kuerzel, Karotta Author
British Antarctic Survey Linse, Katrin Author
Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt/M Brandt, Angelika Author
Universität Hamburg Brenke, Nils Author
British Antarctic Survey Enderlein, Peter Author
British Antarctic Survey Griffiths, Huw Author
Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt/M Kaiser, Stefanie Author
University of Iceland Svavarsson, Jörundur Author
Universität Hamburg Loerz, Anne-Nina Author
University of Lodz Frutos, Inmaculada Author
Taylor, James Author
German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research Brix, Saskia Author
NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre

PDCServiceDesk@bas.ac.uk

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Completed
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
Theme

  • Deep sea

  • Southern ocean

  • benthic biodiversity

  • environmental biogeography

  • macrobenthos
Place

  • Argulhas Basin

  • Argentine Basin

  • Prince Gustav Channel, Antarctic Peninsula

  • Cape Basin

  • Falkland Trough

  • Labrador Sea

  • Porcupine Abyssal Plane

  • Puerto Rico Trench

  • Duse Bay

  • Livingston Island

  • Elephant Island

  • Deception Island

  • Vema transform

  • Antarctic peninsula

  • Scotia Sea

  • South Orkney Islands, South Sandwich Islands

  • Southern Thule

  • South Georgia

  • Shag Rocks

  • Weddell Sea

  • Vestkapp

  • Halley Bay

  • Kap Norvegia

  • Powell Basin

  • Brunt Shelf

  • Reykjanes Ridge

  • Icelandic Basin

  • Denmark Strait

  • Norwegian Basin

  • Norwegian Channel

  • Faroe Channel

  • Faroe Ridge

  • West European Basin

  • Iberian Plaine

  • Greenland Fracture Zone

  • Azores

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Begin date
2000-07-06
End date
2000-08-02
Supplemental Information

It is recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of any data, and that the author be contacted with any questions regarding appropriate use. If you find any errors or omissions, please report them to polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk.

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European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) Geodetic Parameter Registry
Date (Publication)
2008-11-12
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European Petroleum Survey Group

EPSGadministrator@iogp.org

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urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::3031
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6.18.3

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NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre

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Methodology:

Epibenthic samples were collected during the following research expeditions: ANDEEP-SYSTCO II, BIOPEARL I, DIVA1-3, IceAGE1-3&RR, IceDIVA1,2, JR275 and Vema-TRANSIT (Brandt & Wuerzberg 2014, Linse 2006, DIVA cruise reports, Brix et al. 2014, Devey & Brix 2017 cruise report, Brix & Taylor 2022, 2023, Griffiths 2012, Rhiel et al. 2018). While EBS diversity data at high taxon level were published for ANDEEP_SYSTCO II, DIVA1-3 and Vema-TRANSIT (Brandt et al 2014, Kaiser et al. in review, Brandt et al 2018), unpublished diversity data for BIOPEARL I, IceAGE1-3&RR, IceDIVA1, 2 and JR275 came from sample databases at DZMB Senckenberg and British Antarctic Survey, and are published here for the first time.





During all 13 expeditions EBS with an epibenthic and a suprabenthic netsampler following the sampler sizes and height defined by Brandt and Barthel (1995) and Brenke (2005) were used, enabling comparability of samples. This type of EBS was a suitable device for sampling small benthic fauna on and above the seabed, including macrofauna and small-sized megafauna. The EBS holds an epi-and a suprabenthic netsampler (Brenke, 2005). Each of these nets has an opening of 100x33 cm and net mesh size of 500 micrometers. The cod ends are equipped with net-buckets containing 300 micrometer mesh windows. On deployment 1.5 times cable length to water depth were laid out and then EBS was trawled with 1 kn for 10 minutes on the seabed at a 1 knot for deployments in 500 m to 1500 m. Once on the deck, the content of the samplers was immediately fixed in 96 percent undenaturated and pre-cooled (at -20 degrees Celsius) ethanol. Samples were stored in a -20 degrees Celsius freezer for at least 48 h to reduce degradation of DNA for subsequent genetic studies. During this time, samples were gently rolled every three to six hours. Ethanol was changed once for all sub-fractions. In the laboratory, samples were initially sorted under a stereomicroscope to higher taxonomic ranks, lowest were class level for this analysis. Live specimen numbers were counted for abundance data and thanatocoenosis were not taken into account. For comparison between stations abundance data were standardised to 1000 m2 trawled area.





The haul distances were calculated based on equation (4) in Brenke (2005). For comparison between stations abundance data were standardised to 1000 m2 trawled area.





In this study we included data for 41 higher taxa of the initially separated 50 taxa ranging from phyla to orders. We excluded Foraminifera, Bryozoa, and fish. Brachiopoda, Chaetognatha, Echiura, Hemichordata, Nematoda, Nemertea, Phoronida, Platyhelminthes, Porifera and Priapulida were not identified beyond phylum level. Annelida were separated into Polychaeta, Sipunculida, Oligochaeta and Hirudinea. The phylum Arthropoda was split into the subphylum Chelicerata and Crustacea, with the former comprising Pycnogonida and Acarina and the latter crustacean order levels. Chordata only consisted of Tunicates. Echinodermata and Mollusca were separated into classes. For the DIVA1 & 2 data sets, Cnidaria and Echinodermata were not further discriminated into classes. For the DIVA-1, IceAGE 1-3 &_RR and IceDIVA1,2 data sets, Aplacophora were not separated into Caudofoveata and Solenogastres. So, if corresponding data on class assignment were available, these were reported separately, but for all univariate and multivariate analyses, classes within Aplacophora, Cnidaria and Echinodermata were grouped.





The environmental parameters for this study were provided by Bio-ORACLE ( http://www.bio-oracle.org/; Tyberghein et al., 2012; Assis et al., 2018). Bio-ORACLE identifies average (mean) values for different physical and chemical variables over a 14-year time period through a combination of satellite and in-situ measurements (2000 - 2014; Assis et al., 2018), at a resolution of 5 arcmin. I...(61)

Data collection:

BAS and DZMB Senckenberg edited and built the EBS design by Brenke (2005).



PRIMER v6.0 (Clarke and Gorley, 2005) was utilized for statistical analysis and statistical visualisations.

Data quality:

Standard protocols for EBS deployment were followed. Data entry of EBS deployment data was linked to vessels' positioning or USBL system.

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58080f33-884c-4e13-a419-c00cf1bab6a6 XML
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dataset
Date stamp
2023-03-14
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NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre

polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk

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Keywords

Deep sea Southern ocean benthic biodiversity environmental biogeography macrobenthos
GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0

Habitats and biotopes
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords

EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Benthic Habitat EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Ecological Dynamics > Biodiversity


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