SMURPHS: Historical HadGEM3-GC3.1 scaled aerosol coupled ensemble

This dataset consists of 5x5 historical simulations (1850-2014) with HadGEM3-GC3.1 (Met Office Hadley Centre Global Coupled model General Circulation 3.1). This is an ensemble dataset, part of the Securing Multidisciplinary UndeRstanding and Prediction of Hiatus and Surge events (SMURPHS) project. The model version used here is a development version of the UK's submission to Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) and differs from the CMIP6 version in its treatment of prescribed ozone. This ensemble was designed to sample a range in plausible historical aerosol forcing, with the present-day aerosol effective radiative forcing ranging from -0.38 W/m2 to -1.5 W/m2, which spans a large range of the total aerosol effective radiative forcing presented in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5).

The targeted aerosol forcings were achieved by applying a constant scaling factor in space and time to the standard historical CMIP6 historical AA and precursor emissions, namely organic and black carbon (fossil and biofuel) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. All other forcing agents follow historical CMIP6 emissions. The scalings were chosen such that the targeted aerosol forcings are approximately equally spaced:

- 0.2x scaling to give -0.38 W/m2

- 0.4x scaling to give -0.60 W/m2

- 0.7x scaling to give -0.93 W/m2

- 1.0x scaling to give -1.17 W/m2

- 1.5x scaling to give -1.50 W/m2.

The scalings required to reach the intended forcing values were determined from 5 10-year atmosphere-only time-slice runs for the year 2014 with pre-industrial sea-surface temperatures. Note that the 1x scaling is not strictly a ‘scaling’ but corresponds to the standard emissions. The configuration for the scaled aerosol simulations was derived from the 1x scaling simulations, therefore these are directly comparable with the only difference being the scaled aerosol emissions. Five simulations were performed for each scaling and the simulations cover the period 1850-2014. The same five initial conditions were used for each scaling sub-ensemble, and the first four correspond to the initial conditions selected for the four CMIP6 historical simulations. These were well spaced in a pre-industrial control simulation and sample different phases of internal variability in both the Pacific and Atlantic. We recommend only analysing data from 1900, as introducing the scaled aerosols in 1850 produces a small initial drift in the climate system. We estimate that most of this drift has been removed by 1900.

The reference paper for this dataset is Dittus et al., 2020. Please cite this paper when using the dataset. Dittus, A. J., Hawkins, E., Wilcox, L. J., Sutton, R. T., Smith, C. J., Andrews, M. B. and P. M. Forster, 2020: Sensitivity of historical climate simulations to uncertain aerosol forcing. In press, Geophysical Research Letters

Date (Publication): 2020-10-23T08:54:43

Date (Creation): 2020-10-23T08:54:43

Citation identifier: https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/5808b237bdb5485d9bc3595f39ce85e3

Citation identifier: Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) / 5808b237bdb5485d9bc3595f39ce85e3

Point of contact

Organisation name	Individual name	Electronic mail address	Role
Unavailable	Dittus, Andrea	Unavailable	Author
Unavailable	Andrews, Martin	Unavailable	Author
Unavailable	Hawkins, Ed	Unavailable	Author
Unavailable	Smith, Christopher	Unavailable	Author
Unavailable	Wilcox, Laura	Unavailable	Author
Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA)		support@ceda.ac.uk	Custodian
Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA)		support@ceda.ac.uk	Owner
Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA)		support@ceda.ac.uk	Distributor
Unavailable	Hawkins, Ed	Unavailable	Principal investigator
NERC EDS Centre for Environmental Data Analysis		support@ceda.ac.uk	pointofContact
Unavailable	Dittus, Andrea	Unavailable	pointofContact
Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA)		support@ceda.ac.uk	Publisher

Maintenance and update frequency: Unknown

Update scope: Dataset

Keywords

SMURPHS
coupled
HadGEM3-GC3.1
aerosol
ensemble
historical

GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0

atmospheric conditions

Access constraints: Other restrictions

Other constraints: Public data: access to these data is available to both registered and non-registered users.

Use constraints: Other restrictions

Other constraints: Under the following licence http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/, appropriate use of these data may fall under any use. This message is intended as guidance, always read the full licence. When using these data you must cite them correctly using the citation given on the CEDA Data Catalogue record.

Spatial representation type: Grid

Language: English

Topic category

Climatology, meteorology, atmosphere

Begin date: 1850-01-01T00:00:00

End date: 2014-12-30T23:59:59

Unique resource identifier: WGS 84

Distribution format

Name	Version
Data are provided in NetCDF formats.

Distributor contact

Organisation name	Individual name	Electronic mail address	Role
Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA)		support@ceda.ac.uk	Distributor

OnLine resource

Protocol	Linkage	Name
	https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/5808b237bdb5485d9bc3595f39ce85e3	CEDA Data Catalogue Page

OnLine resource

Protocol	Linkage	Name
	http://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/smurphs/data/coupled_ensemble/	DOWNLOAD

OnLine resource

Protocol	Linkage	Name
	https://smurphs.leeds.ac.uk/	SMURPHS project

OnLine resource

Protocol	Linkage	Name
	https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XdqBYO-HWsp0gWYAXHGnnzC-vUwGSKc2o4cfBLZ5N3g/edit#heading=h.uiw52e3cgbki	SMURPHS “scaled aerosols” ensemble: description and data access

Hierarchy level: Dataset

Conformance result

Title: Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services

Date (Publication): 2010-12-08

Statement: The historical-0p2, historical-0p4, historical-0p7 and historical-1p5 ensemble members (20 in total), as well as the fifth member of historical-1p0, were run by Andrea Dittus. The historical-1p0 ensemble members were run by Martin Andrews. The data were post-processed by Andrea Dittus.

The data were passed from the project team to the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis for archival and distribution.

Metadata

File identifier: 5808b237bdb5485d9bc3595f39ce85e3 XML

Metadata language: English

Character set: UTF8

Hierarchy level: Dataset

Date stamp: 2026-02-08T03:21:01

Metadata standard name: UK GEMINI

Metadata standard version: 2.3

Metadata author

Organisation name	Individual name	Electronic mail address	Role
Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA)		support@ceda.ac.uk	Point of contact

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