Date (Creation)

2023-06-02

Date (Revision)

2023-06-02

Date (Publication)

2023-06-02

Date (released)

2023-06-02

Edition

1.0

Unique resource identifier

https://doi.org/10.5285/5b75a1dc-6f24-43bc-b93a-c1dcf633f12a

Codespace

doi

Unique resource identifier

GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01746

Codespace

https://data.bas.ac.uk/

Other citation details

Please cite this item as: Yang, X., & Strong, K. (2024). Snow chemical compositions, salinity, surface ozone, BrO and meteorology data at Eureka, Canada in spring of 2018/19 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/5b75a1dc-6f24-43bc-b93a-c1dcf633f12a

Credit

No credit.

Status

Completed

Point of contact

Organisation name	Individual name	Electronic mail address	Role
British Antarctic Survey	Yang, Xin		Author
University of Toronto	Strong, Kimberly		Author
NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre		PDCServiceDesk@bas.ac.uk	Point of contact

Maintenance and update frequency

As needed

Maintenance note

Completed

Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords

• EARTH SCIENCE > Cryosphere > Snow/Ice > Snow/Ice Chemistry
• EARTH SCIENCE > Cryosphere > Snow/Ice

Theme

• The Arctic

• bromide

• nitrate

• snow chemistry

• snow salinity

Place

• Eureka, Nunavut, Canada Canada

GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0

• Meteorological geographical features

Access constraints

Other restrictions

Other constraints

no limitations to public access

Access constraints

Other restrictions

Other constraints

no limitations

Use constraints

License

Other constraints

Open Government Licence v3.0

Use constraints

Other restrictions

Other constraints

Data supplied under Open Government Licence v3.0

Use constraints

Other restrictions

Other constraints

None

Unique resource identifier

url

Codespace

url

Association Type

Cross reference

Unique resource identifier

doi

Codespace

doi

Association Type

Cross reference

Unique resource identifier

doi

Codespace

doi

Association Type

Cross reference

Unique resource identifier

doi

Codespace

doi

Association Type

Cross reference

Unique resource identifier

url

Codespace

url

Association Type

Cross reference

Spatial representation type

Text, table

Language

English

Character set

UTF8

Topic category

• Climatology, meteorology, atmosphere

Begin date

2018-02-25

End date

2018-03-31

Supplemental Information

It is recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of any data, and that the author be contacted with any questions regarding appropriate use. If you find any errors or omissions, please report them to polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk.

Title

European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) Geodetic Parameter Registry

Date (Publication)

2008-11-12

Cited responsible party

Organisation name	Individual name	Electronic mail address	Role
European Petroleum Survey Group		EPSGadministrator@iogp.org	Publisher

Unique resource identifier

urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::3031

Version

6.18.3

Hierarchy level

Dataset

Statement

Methodology:

Sampling site:

The snow was sampled at several sites representing distinct environments: sea ice, inland close to sea level, and a hilltop ~600 m above sea level (asl). All snow samples collected were transferred to 50 mL polypropylene tubes with screw caps (Corning CentriStar), which prior to field deployment had been rinsed with ultra-high-purity (UHP) water and dried in a class 100 clean laboratory in Cambridge, UK.

Ionic analysis:

All samples were only melted prior to the ion chromatography (IC) analysis, apart from a small portion of the samples that had been melted for salinity measurements. All 2019 samples were filtered using Millex-GP Express PES Membrane, Sterile, 33 mm, 0.22 µm filters (Merck Millipore Ltd., Cork, Ireland). The 2018 snow samples were analysed using Thermo Scientific Dionex ICS-4000 ion chromatography systems, with ions of Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, NH4+, Cl-, Br-, SO4=, NO3-, F-, acetate, formate, oxalate and MSA measured. The 2019 samples for IC analysis were run on a Dionex ICS-5000+ with ions of Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Cl-, Br-, SO4=, NO3-, and MSA measured. Anion analysis was performed using an ionPac AS18-Fast-4 µm column, and cation analysis was performed using an IonPac CS12A column. Multiple samples were analysed to assess precision.

Snow salinity:

Snow salinity was measured using a conductivity meter (SensIon 5, Hach) with a measurement range of 0-200 mScm-1 and a maximum resolution of 0.1 µScm-1 at low conductivities (0-199.9 µScm-1). Conductivity values were converted into psu, approximately equivalent to the weight of dissolved inorganic matter in grams per kilogram of seawater.

MAX-DOAS measurements of BrO:

Multi-axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements of BrO partial columns were performed at the PEARL Ridge Lab. Spectra were recorded in the ultra-violet (UV) using a grating spectrometer (spectral resolution 0.45 nm) with a cooled (200 K) charge-coupled device (CCD) detector at 0.4-0.5 nm resolution. Elevation angles of 30°, 15°, 10°, 5°, 2°, 1°, and -1° were used in the elevation scans, and measurements were only taken with solar elevation above 4°. Differential slant column densities (dSCDs) of BrO and the oxygen dimer (O4) were retrieved using the DOAS technique. dSCDs were converted to profiles using a two-step optimal estimation method. The retrievals were performed for 0-4 km altitude on a grid with 0.2-km resolution. Due to the elevation of the measurement site, the instrument often measures BrO in the free troposphere, except during strong wind episodes and storms that generate a deep boundary layer (Bognar et al., 2020).

Surface ozone:

Surface ozone measurements were made by a TEI 49i ozone analyzer deployed at 0PAL.

Meteorology data:

There are two sets of local meteorology data used: one from EWS (the archived data are available at Historical Data - Climate - Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) (weather.gc.ca)) and one from the PEARL Ridge Lab. The PEARL data is not open to the public; to access the data, contact Pierre Fogal at the University of Toronto. The UV index measured during the campaign period in 2018 and 2019 is from the ECCC Brewer spectrophotometer ( https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004820).

Locations:

The major sampling sites are from a Canadian high Arctic location at Eureka, Nunavut (80°N, 86°W). They include sampling sites at close to sea level: Creek and 0PAL at 79.59.577N, 85.55.634W; Sea ice site at 80.00.130N, 86.07.244W; Onshore site at 80.00.215N, 86.07.145W, and at a hilltop PEARL Ridge lab (600m) at 80.03.208N, 86.25.381W.

Data collection:

Instrumentation:

Ionic analysis: Thermo Scientific Dionex ICS-4000 ion chromatography systems for 2018 samples and Dionex ICS-5000+ for 2019 samples

Conductivity meter: SensIon 5, Hach

BrO profile: Multi-axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS)

Surface ozone: TEI 49i ozone analyzer

Data quality:

In the ionic analysis for 2019 samples, the limit of detection (LOD) is 3 times standard deviation of filter blank average peak area, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) is 10 times standard deviation of filter blank average peak area for all sequences (~40 samples analysed per sequence). The LOD of Br- is 0.200 um with a relative standard deviation of 0.023 um and the LOD of NO3- is 0.484 um with a relative standard of deviation of 0.037 um.

The accuracy of snow salinity as stated by the manufacturer is +/-0.001 psu at low salinities (<1 psu).

Metadata

File identifier

5b75a1dc-6f24-43bc-b93a-c1dcf633f12a XML

Metadata language

English

Character set

UTF8

Hierarchy level

Dataset

Hierarchy level name

dataset

Date stamp

2023-06-02

Metadata standard name

ISO 19115 Geographic Information - Metadata

Metadata standard version

ISO 19115:2003(E)

Metadata author

Organisation name	Individual name	Electronic mail address	Role
NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre		polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk	Point of contact