5e1792a0-ae95-4e77-bccd-2fb456112cc1 English ISO/IEC 8859-1 (also known as Latin 1) dataset dataset NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4AP UK info@eidc.ac.uk https://eidc.ac.uk/ EIDC website The Environmental Information Data Centre (EIDC) is the UK's national data centre for terrestrial and freshwater sciences. information pointOfContact 2026-02-06T14:13:56 UK GEMINI 2.3 OSGB 1936 / British National Grid Standardised Precipitation Index time series for Integrated Hydrological Units Hydrometric Areas (1961-2012) 2015-05-22 publication 2015-05-14 creation 1431704829276 CEH:EIDC: https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/5e1792a0-ae95-4e77-bccd-2fb456112cc1 10.5285/5e1792a0-ae95-4e77-bccd-2fb456112cc1 doi: Tanguy, M., Kral, F., Fry, M., Svensson, C., Hannaford, J. (2015). Standardised Precipitation Index time series for Integrated Hydrological Units Hydrometric Areas (1961-2012). NERC Environmental Information Data Centre 10.5285/5e1792a0-ae95-4e77-bccd-2fb456112cc1 Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) data for Integrated Hydrological Units (IHU) Hydrometric Areas (Kral et al. [1]). SPI is a drought index based on the probability of precipitation for a given accumulation period as defined by McKee et al. [2]. SPI is calculated for different accumulation periods: 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 months. Each of these is in turn calculated for each of the twelve calendar months. Note that values in monthly (and for longer accumulation periods also annual) time series of the data therefore are likely to be autocorrelated. The standard period which was used to fit the gamma distribution is 1961-2010. The dataset covers the period from 1961 to 2012. [1] Kral, F., Fry, M., Dixon, H. (2015). Integrated Hydrological Units of the United Kingdom: Hydrometric Areas without Coastline. NERC-Environmental Information Data Centre doi:10.5285/3a4e94fc-4c68-47eb-a217-adee2a6b02b3 [2] McKee, T. B., Doesken, N. J., Kleist, J. (1993). The Relationship of Drought Frequency and Duration to Time Scales. Eighth Conference on Applied Climatology, 17-22 January 1993, Anaheim, California. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/5e1792a0-ae95-4e77-bccd-2fb456112cc1 Tanguy, M. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk pointOfContact Tanguy, M. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk author Kral, F. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk author Fry, M. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk author Svensson, C. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk author Hannaford, J. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk author NERC Environmental Information Data Centre info@eidc.ac.uk publisher NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre info@eidc.ac.uk custodian notPlanned Meteorological geographical features theme GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2008-06-01 publication drought GEMET - Concepts, version 4.1.3 2019-01-28 creation Hydrology Integrated Hydrological Units IHU SPI indicator rainfall extremes otherRestrictions Registration is required to access this data otherRestrictions Licence terms and conditions apply otherRestrictions If you reuse this data, you should cite: Tanguy, M., Kral, F., Fry, M., Svensson, C., Hannaford, J. (2015). Standardised Precipitation Index time series for Integrated Hydrological Units Hydrometric Areas (1961-2012). NERC Environmental Information Data Centre https://doi.org/10.5285/5e1792a0-ae95-4e77-bccd-2fb456112cc1 textTable English utf8 climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere 1961-01-01 2012-12-31 -7.557 3.554 49.766 61.026 Comma-separated values (CSV) NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre info@eidc.ac.uk distributor https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/data/5e1792a0-ae95-4e77-bccd-2fb456112cc1 Download the data Download a copy of this data download https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/sd/5e1792a0-ae95-4e77-bccd-2fb456112cc1.zip Supporting information Supporting information available to assist in re-use of this dataset. information dataset dataset Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 SPI is calculated as originally defined in McKee et al. [1]. SPI is based on the cumulative probability of a given rainfall amount occurring at a location. The historic rainfall data of the station is fitted to a statistical distribution. For this dataset, the statistical distribution used is the gamma distribution, which has been extensively used and is recommended as a default choice for Europe by Stagge et al. [2]. The L-moments method was used to estimate the gamma distribution parameters, as the maximum likehood method was failing to fit a realistic distribution in some isolated cases (more details on the choice of methodology in Tanguy et al. [3]). To calculate SPI, the R package SCI was used (Gudmundsson & Stagge [4]), but modified to use L-moments (instead of Maximum Likelihood). The input data used is the monthly rainfall grids from CEH-Gridded Estimates of Areal Rainfall [CEH-GEAR] (Tanguy et al. [5], Keller et al. [6]) which has been area-averaged over each of the Integrated Hydrological Units (IHU) Hydrometric Areas (Kral et al. [7]). [1] McKee, T. B., Doesken, N. J., Kleist, J. (1993). The Relationship of Drought Frequency and Duration to Time Scales. Eighth Conference on Applied Climatology, 17-22 January 1993, Anaheim, California. [2] Stagge, J. H., Tallaksen, L. M., Gudmundsson, L., Van Loon, A. F. and Stahl, K. (2015), Candidate Distributions for Climatological Drought Indices (SPI and SPEI). Int. J. Climatol. doi: 10.1002/joc.4267 [3] Tanguy et al. (2015), in preparation. [4] Gudmundsson, L. & Stagge, J. H. (2014). Package 'SCI': Standardized Climate Indices such as SPI, SRI or SPEI. Repository CRAN, http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/SCI/SCI.pdf [5] Tanguy, M., Dixon, H., Prosdocimi, I., Morris, D. G., Keller, V. D. J. (2014). Gridded estimates of daily and monthly areal rainfall for the United Kingdom (1890-2012) [CEH-GEAR]. NERC-Environmental Information Data Centre doi:10.5285/5dc179dc-f692-49ba-9326-a6893a503f6e [6] Keller,V. D. J., Tanguy, M. , Prosdocimi, I. , Terry, J. A. , Hitt, O., Cole, S. J. , Fry, M., Morris, D. G., Dixon, H. (2015) CEH-GEAR: 1km resolution daily and monthly areal rainfall estimates for the UK for hydrological use. Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., 8, 83-112, www.earth-syst-sci-data-discuss.net/8/83/2015/ doi:10.5194/essdd-8-83-2015. [7] Kral, F., Fry, M., Dixon, H. (2015). Integrated Hydrological Units of the United Kingdom: Hydrometric Areas without Coastline. NERC-Environmental Information Data Centre doi:10.5285/3a4e94fc-4c68-47eb-a217-adee2a6b02b3