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At all sample locations, 2 or more salinity bottles and d18O vials were filled following the usual procedure. The d18O vials were rinsed 3 times, filled and dried before being closed with a stopper and sealed with the crimper. Oxygen isotope (d18O) measurements were made using the CO2 equilibration method with an Isoprime 100 mass spectrometer plus Aquaprep device. 90 samples (200&amp;micro;l of water) were loaded into Labco Limited exetainers (3.7ml) and placed in the heated sample tray at 40&amp;deg;C. The exetainers were then evacuated to remove atmosphere then flushed with CO2 and left to equilibrate for between 12 (first sample) - 37 (last sample) hours. Each individual gas sample was then admitted to the cryogenic water trap where any water vapour is removed. The dry sample gas was then expanded into the dual inlet where it was measured on the transducer before being expanded in the dual inlet bellows. Ionvantage software then balances the reference bellows relative to this volume. The sample and reference CO2 gases enter alternatively into the Isoprime100 through the dual changeover valve for isotope ratio measurement.  In each run two laboratory standards (CA-HI and CA-LO) plus up to 2 secondary standards were analysed in triplicate. The value of these laboratory standards has been accurately determined by comparison with international calibration and reference materials (VSMOW2, SLAP2 and GISP) and so the 18O/16O ratios (versus VSMOW2) of the unknown samples can be calculated and are expressed in delta units, d18O (parts per mille). Errors are &amp;lt; +/- 0.05 per mil.</gco:CharacterString>
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