649bbe03-8109-45be-92e5-bcef44a4703a eng utf8 dataset dataset NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre +44 (0)1223 221400 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/business-teams/information-services/uk-polar-data-centre/ information pointOfContact 2020-09-08 ISO 19115 Geographic Information - Metadata ISO 19115:2003(E) European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) Geodetic Parameter Registry 2008-11-12 publication European Petroleum Survey Group EPSGadministrator@iogp.org https://www.epsg-registry.org/ EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset The EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset is a structured dataset of Coordinate Reference Systems and Coordinate Transformations, accessible through this online registry. information publisher urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::3031 6.18.3 Observations of supraglacial lakes on Shackleton Ice Shelf, East Antarctica from 1974 to 2020 2020-09-08 creation 2020-09-08 revision 2020-09-08 publication 2020-09-08 released 1.0 https://doi.org/10.5285/649bbe03-8109-45be-92e5-bcef44a4703a doi GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01376 https://data.bas.ac.uk/ NE/L002590/1 award NE/R000824/1 award Please cite this item as: Arthur, J., Stokes, C., Jamieson, S., Carr, J., & Leeson, A. (2020). Observations of supraglacial lakes on Shackleton Ice Shelf, East Antarctica from 1974 to 2020 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. UK Polar Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, UK Research & Innovation. https://doi.org/10.5285/649bbe03-8109-45be-92e5-bcef44a4703a This dataset provides supraglacial lake extents as published in the paper by Arthur et al. (2020) entitled "Distribution and seasonal evolution of supraglacial lakes on Shackleton Ice Shelf, East Antarctica". Please cite this paper if using this data. This dataset consists of (1) shapefiles of supraglacial lake extents on Shackleton Ice Shelf, in Queen Mary Land, East Antarctica (65 degS; 100 degE) derived from optical satellite imagery (Landsat-1, -4, -5, -7, -8, Sentinel 2) acquired between 1974 and 2020 and (2) rasters of supraglacial lake depths derived from optical satellite imagery (Landsat-1, -4, -5, -7, -8, Sentinel 2) acquired between 2000 and 2020. The datasets presented here were used to analyse the spatial distribution of lakes, lake densities, elevation, slope and ice surface velocity distributions, proximity to exposed bedrock, blue ice and the grounding line, and time series of lake area, depth and volume. Funding was provided by NERC DTP grant NE/L002590/1 and NERC grant NE/R000824/1. No credit. completed Arthur, Jennifer Durham University Researcher author Stokes, Chris Durham University Researcher author Jamieson, Stewart Durham University Researcher author Carr, J Newcastle University Researcher author Leeson, Amber Lancaster University Researcher author NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre +44 (0)1223 221400 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom PDCServiceDesk@bas.ac.uk https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/business-teams/information-services/uk-polar-data-centre/ information pointOfContact asNeeded completed EARTH SCIENCE > Cryosphere > Glaciers/Ice Sheets > Glacier Topography/Ice Sheet Topography EARTH SCIENCE > Cryosphere > Glaciers/Ice Sheets > Glaciers EARTH SCIENCE > Hydrosphere > Glaciers/Ice Sheets > Glacier Topography/Ice Sheet Topography EARTH SCIENCE > Hydrosphere > Glaciers/Ice Sheets > Glaciers EARTH SCIENCE > Cryosphere > Glaciers/Ice Sheets EARTH SCIENCE > Hydrosphere > Glaciers/Ice Sheets EARTH SCIENCE > Spectral/Engineering > Visible Wavelengths theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026-01-27 publication 23 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD United States of America https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Antarctica glaciology hydrology ice sheets supraglacial lakes theme Shackleton Ice Shelf Antarctica place Elevation Hydrography theme GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2021-01-06 revision otherRestrictions no limitations to public access otherRestrictions no limitations license Open Government Licence v3.0 otherRestrictions This data is supplied under Open Government Licence v3.0 url url crossReference doi doi crossReference textTable eng utf8 geoscientificInformation imageryBaseMapsEarthCover inlandWaters 95.6 102.4 -66.8 -65.7 1974-02-23 2020-02-28 It is recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of any data, and that the author be contacted with any questions regarding appropriate use. If you find any errors or omissions, please report them to polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk. NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre +44 (0)1223 221400 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom PDCServiceDesk@bas.ac.uk https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/business-teams/information-services/uk-polar-data-centre/ information distributor application/xml image/tiff application/octet-stream text/plain bytes 1503238554 https://ramadda.data.bas.ac.uk/repository/entry/show?entryid=649bbe03-8109-45be-92e5-bcef44a4703a WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Get Data Download data download bytes 1503238554 https://ramadda.data.bas.ac.uk/repository/entry/show?entryid=649bbe03-8109-45be-92e5-bcef44a4703a WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Get Data Download data download bytes 1503238554 https://ramadda.data.bas.ac.uk/repository/entry/show?entryid=649bbe03-8109-45be-92e5-bcef44a4703a WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Get Data Download data download bytes 1503238554 https://ramadda.data.bas.ac.uk/repository/entry/show?entryid=649bbe03-8109-45be-92e5-bcef44a4703a WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Get Data Download data download dataset Methodology: We used the Normalised Difference Water Index adapted for ice (NDWI; Yang and Smith 2013) to classify pixels as 'water' or 'non-water' (i.e. ice, snow, exposed bedrock or ocean) using the red and blue bands. All processing was conducted in Arcmap 10.5. We applied a physically-based radiative transfer model to calculate the water depth of all pixels classified as lake (Pope et al., 2016; Sneed and Hamilton 2007). This method calculates lake water depth (z) using the rate of light attenuation in water, lake bottom albedo, and optically-deep water reflectance (Philpot, 1989). A detailed description of the data collection, quality control, processing and analysis is given in: Arthur, J.F, Stokes, C.R., Jamieson, S.S.R, Carr, J.R, Leeson, A.A (2020) Distribution and seasonal evolution of supraglacial lakes on Shackleton Ice Shelf, East Antarctica. doi: 10.5194/tc-2020-101. Data quality: We used a minimum size threshold of two pixels, in order to remove very small SGLs likely comprised solely of mixed pixels (i.e. 200 m2 for Sentinel 2, 450 m2 for Landsat 7/8, 1800 m2 for Landsat 4/5, 7200 m2 for Landsat 1), following previous studies (Moussavi et al., 2020; Pope et al., 2016, Stokes et al., 2019). We quantified the uncertainties in our mapping technique by quantitatively comparing SGL areas derived from NDWI with those derived from manual digitisation in four sample areas. The smaller SGLs (<0.01 km2) generated the largest percentage differences, and we found a mean absolute error of 0.007 and a root mean square error of 0.029 between manually-digitised SGL areas and those derived from NDWI. We attribute this to manual digitisation being less conservative at 'diffuse', less well-defined SGL edges. Despite these differences, we found very close agreement between the two methods (R2 = 0.979, p = 0.006). We also quantified the impact of sensor resolution on lake detection and lake extents, and found there is generally a very good agreement between lake areas derived from Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 (Supplementary Fig. 3). We therefore assign a conservative uncertainty of 1% to our total SGL area for each time step, following Stokes et al. (2019). We checked final lake masks against RGB composites and manually removed any false positives, including small bedrock outcrops not included in the bedrock mask and dark crevasses. To further reduce noise and improve the visual clarity of the dataset, we then applied the dissolve function in ArcMap to clean up overlapping pixels and the aggregate tool to combine pixels within a distance of two pixels. A detailed description of the data collection, quality control, processing and analysis, as well as full references, is given in: Arthur, J.F, Stokes, C.R., Jamieson, S.S.R, Carr, J.R, Leeson, A.A (2020) Distribution and seasonal evolution of supraglacial lakes on Shackleton Ice Shelf, East Antarctica. doi: 10.5194/tc-2020-101. asNeeded completed