84bab093-750e-48f5-ae41-1e5824abdecf eng utf8 dataset dataset NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre +44 (0)1223 221400 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/business-teams/information-services/uk-polar-data-centre/ information pointOfContact 2025-11-21 ISO 19115 Geographic Information - Metadata ISO 19115:2003(E) European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) Geodetic Parameter Registry 2008-11-12 publication European Petroleum Survey Group EPSGadministrator@iogp.org https://www.epsg-registry.org/ EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset The EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset is a structured dataset of Coordinate Reference Systems and Coordinate Transformations, accessible through this online registry. information publisher urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::3031 6.18.3 Snow temperature, stratigraphy, density, and stable water isotope profiles from the seasonal snowpack near Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, in March 2023 2025-11-21 creation 2025-11-21 revision 2025-11-21 publication 2025-11-21 released 1.0 https://doi.org/10.5285/84bab093-750e-48f5-ae41-1e5824abdecf doi GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/02114 https://data.bas.ac.uk/ NE/S007164/1 award Please cite this item as: Moser, D., Gallet, J., Thomas, E., Spolaor, A., & Scoto, F. (2025). Snow temperature, stratigraphy, density, and stable water isotope profiles from the seasonal snowpack near Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, in March 2023 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/84bab093-750e-48f5-ae41-1e5824abdecf This dataset contains detailed records of snowpack characteristics near Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, between 21st and 31st March 2023. They were recorded in ten snow pits before in-situ tracer percolation experiments, and the records include location and overview photos of each pit, snow height, snow temperature, snow density, detailed snow stratigraphy observations, and stable water isotope signatures from the snow surface to the ground. The records were obtained by Dorothea Moser as part of an experimental field project ("Wet Fingerprints") to contextualise the results of the subsequently conducted tracer percolation experiments. The project was supported by an Arctic Field Grant through the Norwegian Research Council (Project No. 342165, Research in Svalbard RiS ID 12132). Dorothea Elisabeth Moser was supported by BAS Cambridge and the NERC C-CLEAR Doctoral Training Programme (grant no. NE/S007164/1). No credit. completed Moser, Dorothea British Antarctic Survey Researcher author Gallet, Jean-Charles Norwegian Polar Institute Researcher author Thomas, Elizabeth British Antarctic Survey Researcher author Spolaor, Andrea Institute of Polar Sciences Researcher author Scoto, Federico Institute of Polar Sciences Researcher author NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre +44 (0)1223 221400 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom PDCServiceDesk@bas.ac.uk https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/business-teams/information-services/uk-polar-data-centre/ information pointOfContact asNeeded completed EARTH SCIENCE > Cryosphere > Snow/Ice > Snow Density EARTH SCIENCE > Cryosphere > Snow/Ice > Snow Depth EARTH SCIENCE > Cryosphere > Snow/Ice > Snow Stratigraphy EARTH SCIENCE > Cryosphere > Snow/Ice > Snow/Ice Chemistry EARTH SCIENCE > Cryosphere > Snow/Ice > Snow/Ice Temperature theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026-01-27 publication 23 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD United States of America https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Arctic Svalbard density grain size grain type snow snow height stabe water isotopes stratigraphy temperature theme Ny-Alesund, Broggerhalvoya, Svalbard. Arctic place Meteorological geographical features theme GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2021-01-06 revision otherRestrictions public access limited according to Article 13(1)(e) of the INSPIRE Directive license Open Government Licence v3.0 otherRestrictions Data supplied under Open Government Licence v3.0 otherRestrictions Dataset embargoed until publication of associated article. doi doi crossReference doi doi crossReference doi doi crossReference url url largerWorkCitation url url largerWorkCitation url url largerWorkCitation url url crossReference url url crossReference textTable eng utf8 inlandWaters 11.90858 11.99065 78.87105 78.92009 2023-03-21 2023-03-31 3.0 410.0 urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::5714 MSL height Not specific to any location or epoch. Hydrography. It is recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of any data, and that the author be contacted with any questions regarding appropriate use. If you find any errors or omissions, please report them to polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk. NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre +44 (0)1223 221400 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom PDCServiceDesk@bas.ac.uk https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/business-teams/information-services/uk-polar-data-centre/ information distributor text/plain text/csv image/jpeg bytes 17825792 http://ramadda.data.bas.ac.uk/repository/entry/show?entryid=84bab093-750e-48f5-ae41-1e5824abdecf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Get Data Download data download bytes 17825792 http://ramadda.data.bas.ac.uk/repository/entry/show?entryid=84bab093-750e-48f5-ae41-1e5824abdecf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Get Data Download data download bytes 17825792 http://ramadda.data.bas.ac.uk/repository/entry/show?entryid=84bab093-750e-48f5-ae41-1e5824abdecf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Get Data Download data download dataset Methodology: General information: For each snow pit, the following general information is documented: date (YYYY-MM-DD), latitude (degrees N) and longitude (degrees E), and the snow height within the snow pit (in centimetres). Snow height was measured using a foldable ruler, which was placed at the snow pit front face and touching the ground (or ground ice, if present). Temperature: The temperature record was obtained over the full vertical extent of the snow pit wall at approximately 5-cm resolution using digital thermometers, which were horizontally pushed into the snow pit front. The temperatures are recorded in degrees Celsius, and the measurement height above the ground (in centimetres) is read from the foldable ruler placed at the snow pit front. Stratigraphy: The snow stratigraphy profile was created by visually and tactilely identifying any layers within the snowpack. They were labelled using plastic and describing them in terms of grain size, grain shape, and layer hardness based on the International Classification for Seasonal Snow (Fierz et al., 2009). The grain type categorisation also follows the International Classification for Seasonal Snow. Grain size readings are made using a hand-held loupe (10x) and a crystal size measurement grid (1-mm and 2-mm grid). Snow particles from a given layer are transferred from the snow pit front onto the crystal card and visually assessed by the operator using the magnifying lens. If a range of grain sizes is observed, both the minimum and maximum of that range are noted, and the average grain size is derived from these values (in millimetres). No grain size readings were taken for impenetrable layers. The abbreviations for hardness follow the International Classification for Seasonal Snow: Fist, four fingers (4F), one finger (1F), pencil (P), knife (K), and impenetrable. Density: The vertical density record is based on stainless-steel box density cutter sampling at approximately 4.5-cm intervals in combination with a spring balance. The measurement height is reported using the bottom level of the density cutter and given in centimetres above the ground. This value is read from the foldable ruler that was placed at the snow pit front. Stable water isotopes (SWI): We assessed the two stable water isotope ratios d18O and d2H, which are abbreviated as d18O and d2H, respectively, for 7 profiles (23rd - 30th March). Deuterium excess is abbreviated as dxs. The vertical SWI profile has a resolution of approximately 5 cm (average = 4.5 +/- 2.3 cm). Sampling was done by pushing sterilised, dry 50-mL polypropylene centrifuge tubes 5 cm horizontally into the snow pit front, which was freshly cut using a stainless-steel hand saw (STANLEY). Thus, the chemical signal is generally integrated over the 2.5 x 5 cm sampling dimensions (width x depth). The SWI measurements were conducted using a Picarro L2130-i setup based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy located at BAS in June 2023. The Sample ID is a system-internal identifier, which is assigned to the samples from fieldwork until data processing. The Picarro measurements are primarily processed using the LIMS software. It should be noted that we obtained SWI signatures both before and after tracer percolation experiments. This is why we named the CSV files, which contain SWI signatures of the specified snow pit before the experiment, "SWI_Before". The corresponding "SWI_After_Experiments" data are published in the related dataset. All measurements made in the field were immediately recorded in a field notebook and digitised upon return to the NERC Arctic Station the same day. All further data processing of the above records was conducted using Microsoft Office Excel 365. Data collection: General: GPS Foldable ruler Temperature: Digital Thermometers: Salter 544A HBBKCR and Salter 518 WHCR, 0.1 deg C precision Stratigraphy: Layering: plastic labels Grain type and size: crystal card, 10x loupe Hardness: Pencil, knife Density: Stainless-steel box cutter, volume = 99 cm3, dimensions = 5.5 x 6 x 3 cm Spring balance with plastic sample holder SWI Polypropylene (BIOFIL) centrifuge tubes Picarro L2130-i Data quality: General: All snow pits were dug to the ground to cover the full annual snowpack, and we assessed a snow pit wall that was permanently in the shadow and downwind to prevent artefacts through incoming solar radiation or snow re-deposition. Density: To ensure accurate density calculations, the weight of the sample holder, in which the content from the density box cutter is placed, is measured for daily scale calibration. Subsequently, the total weight of the sample holder containing a snow sample is measured in the field. As part of the data processing, each day's sample holder weight is subtracted from the total weight to accurately calculate each snow sample density. SWI samples: The discrete snow samples were stored in a freezer at the NERC Arctic Station until shipment to the British Antarctic Survey on 4th - 5th April 2023, where they were kept at -25 deg C until analysis. To prevent cross-contamination between samples during transport, all screw tops were sealed using Parafilm, sample tubes double-bagged in batches of 10 and kept upright within the transport box. While leakage was observed in ~15% of the samples despite these measures, we expect the material remaining within the sample tubes to be unaffected. For every sample, seven injections were measured by the Picarro device, of which the first three were removed for memory effects, and the average of the last four makes up the respective SWI signature. d18O comes at an instrument accuracy of 0.2 ppth and d2H at 0.6 ppth. The measurements are presented in relation to the Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (V-SMOW), and the average 1 sigma precision of the here conducted measurements lies at 0.1 ppth for d18O and 0.3 ppth for d2H. Empty cells within the CSV tables or labelled "na" indicate that information could not be recorded, e.g. grain size in a solid ice layer, or has been excluded due to erroneous measurements. asNeeded completed