9a96e199-34d0-46f9-9a64-140d300a2531 English ISO/IEC 8859-1 (also known as Latin 1) dataset dataset NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4AP UK info@eidc.ac.uk https://eidc.ac.uk/ EIDC website The Environmental Information Data Centre (EIDC) is the UK's national data centre for terrestrial and freshwater sciences. information pointOfContact 2025-11-13T16:18:22 UK GEMINI 2.3 WGS 84 Riparian vegetation dynamics in the Beas and Sutlej catchments, India, 1989-2020 2022-04-25 publication https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/9a96e199-34d0-46f9-9a64-140d300a2531 10.5285/9a96e199-34d0-46f9-9a64-140d300a2531 doi: Beale, J.E.P., Grabowski, R.C., Vercruysse, K. (2022). Riparian vegetation dynamics in the Beas and Sutlej catchments, India, 1989-2020. NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre 10.5285/9a96e199-34d0-46f9-9a64-140d300a2531 The data comprises river section, zone and test site delineation, winter Season average NDVI by section and zone 1989-2020, land cover maps seasonally 1989-2020, and derived land cover fractions by section and zone 1989-2020. The data was produced as part of a study to determine how changes in geomorphic form and dynamics due to human alteration to river flows and riparian land management relate to changes in vegetation communities in the Sutlej and Beas Rivers, India. Vegetated and other land cover, including water area, were quantified by winter season NDVI trends (in the plains of Punjab) and seasonal supervised classification of Landsat data for over a 30-year period. The work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (Grant NE/S01232X/1). Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/9a96e199-34d0-46f9-9a64-140d300a2531 Beale, J.E.P. Cranfield University john.e.beale@cranfield.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4154-8032 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Grabowski, R.C. Cranfield University r.c.grabowski@cranfield.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0926-1202 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Vercruysse, K. Cranfield University kim.vercruysse@joinforwater.ngo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9716-5191 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Grabowski, R.C. Cranfield University r.c.grabowski@cranfield.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0926-1202 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information pointOfContact NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre info@eidc.ac.uk custodian NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre info@eidc.ac.uk publisher Cranfield University r.c.grabowski@cranfield.ac.uk owner land cover vegetation geomorphology remote sensing GEMET - Concepts, version 4.1.3 2019-01-28 creation Fluvial geomorphology NDVI Landsat otherRestrictions no limitations otherRestrictions This resource is available under the terms of the Open Government Licence otherRestrictions If you reuse this data, you should cite: Beale, J.E.P., Grabowski, R.C., Vercruysse, K. (2022). Riparian vegetation dynamics in the Beas and Sutlej catchments, India, 1989-2020. NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre https://doi.org/10.5285/9a96e199-34d0-46f9-9a64-140d300a2531 grid textTable vector 30 English utf8 geoscientificInformation 1989-01-01 2020-12-31 74.957 77.357 30.78 32.393 Comma-separated values (CSV) Shapefile TIFF NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre info@eidc.ac.uk distributor https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/datastore/eidchub/9a96e199-34d0-46f9-9a64-140d300a2531 Download the data Download a copy of this data fileAccess https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/sd/9a96e199-34d0-46f9-9a64-140d300a2531.zip Supporting information Supporting information available to assist in re-use of this dataset information dataset dataset Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 Winter season Landsat 5, 7 and 8 top of atmosphere (TOA) images between 1989 and 2020 were processed in Google Earth Engine (GEE) using images from the winter season (January to March). Cloudy pixels were masked by the algorithm provided in GEE for analysis of Landsat data. NDVI and mNDWI were calculated at each pixel, then averaged across all images to produce an image of winter season mean values. Those pixels with mean mNDWI > 0.15 (water surface) were excluded from the NDVI analysis. For each combination of section and zone, a spatially averaged, mean winter season NDVI was calculated for each year using GEE zonal statistics functions. Landcover classification maps were created in GEE, using the same Landsat images as the NDVI analysis, by Gradient Tree Boost classifier with 10 decision trees. The raw data comprised the blue, green, red, NIR, SWIR1 and SWIR2 channels (bands 1-5 and 7 of Landsat 5/ 7 and bands 2-7 of Landsat 8). The classification was repeated for all seasons; winter (January to March), pre-monsoon (April to June), monsoon (July to September) and post-monsoon (October to December). The bands were averaged within each season using all the available cloud-free images. The training datasets were created by manual inspection of the visible band colour images for each year of the 32-year record, identifying locations that were invariant in landcover. The classes and training locations are summarised in the supplementary information. Separate training sets (locations provided in .csv files) were used for map creation below the dams (Sutlej and Beas) and above the Pong Dam (Beas only) to mitigate effects due to differing spectral characteristics of soil and vegetation due to topography. Taking each image in turn, as the output of the supervised classification process, the number of pixels within each section and zone were counted by landcover class. These counts were divided by the total pixel count in each area to obtain a fractional landcover for each class, by section and zone. This process was also repeated for the three test sites without differentiation into zone or section. Quality control: Landsat satellite data was used to collect provide information on spectral surface reflectance, respectively. These data are accompanied by quality assessment bands which were used to select det afro processing, particularly with respect to obtaining cloud-free images. Processing was conducted by the project team, with using statistical analysis (such as consumer’s accuracy) and spot validation against aerial satellite photography. Data were checked for errors at all stages by members of the project team at Cranfield University.