a789f172-82ce-4b9f-b7d0-0dcf831683af English British Geological Survey +44 131 667 1000 The Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South EDINBURGH LOTHIAN EH14 4AP United Kingdom enquiries@bgs.ac.uk 2025-07-25T11:27:23.684433Z UK GEMINI 2.3 http://data.bgs.ac.uk/id/dataHolding/13608366 OSGB 1936 / British National Grid (EPSG::27700) Legacy BGS geothermal models: theoretical potential 'heat-in-place' for the Upper Devonian in hot sedimentary aquifers in the Midland Valley of Scotland 2024 http://data.bgs.ac.uk/id/dataHolding/13608366 This raster dataset shows the modelled P50 distribution of the theoretical potential 'heat-in-place' (HIP) across the combined Upper Devonian Kinnesswood Formation and Stratheden Group in the Midland Valley of Scotland (PJ/km2), at a resolution of 500 m x 500 m x 50 m. The HIP is calculated for resource temperatures greater than 50 °C (> 1400 m depth), which represents minimum temperature required for direct use of heat from hot sedimentary aquifer resources. The HIP represents the heat resource available in an aquifer according to the USGS definition described in e.g. Muffler and Cataldi (1978). Its calculation is part of the research published by Kearsey, T.I., Receveur, M. and Monaghan, A.A., 2024. Modelled hot sedimentary aquifer geothermal potential of Upper Devonian strata in the Midland Valley of Scotland. The model is presented with high uncertainty. Enquiries British Geological Survey 0115 936 3142 0115 936 3276 The Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South EDINBURGH LOTHIAN EH14 4AP United Kingdom enquiries@bgs.ac.uk Enquiries British Geological Survey 0115 936 3142 0115 936 3276 The Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South EDINBURGH LOTHIAN EH14 4AP United Kingdom enquiries@bgs.ac.uk https://resources.bgs.ac.uk/images/geonetworkThumbs/a789f172-82ce-4b9f-b7d0-0dcf831683af.png Geology GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2008-06-01 UK Location (INSPIRE) Geothermal energy Sandstone reservoirs Geothermal maps Aquifers Devonian BGS Thesaurus of Geosciences 2022 UK Location (INSPIRE) NERC_DDC Access constraints: no limitations. Use constraints: this dataset is available to view under the Open Government Licence V3 (https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/) to encourage its use and re-use, subject to the following acknowledgement accompanying the reproduced BGS materials: 'Contains British Geological Survey materials © UKRI [year]'. Some of the data shown in the BGS view-only service layers are available to licence. The licence cost will generally be a licence administration fee, depending on the usage type and the area coverage of the dataset requested. Companies and other commercial organisations with an interest in reselling BGS data or developing value-added products and services based on BGS data will need a BGS data resellers licence. For more information, contact digitaldata@bgs.ac.uk. 500 English geoscientificInformation British Geological Survey Gazetteer: Geographical hierarchy from Geosaurus 1979 CENTRAL REGION (SCOTLAND) [id=147300] British Geological Survey Gazetteer: Geological gazetteer 2005 Midland Valley Basin [id=1000334] -4.8286 -2.4842 55.5349 56.3741 2024 2025 Enquiries British Geological Survey 0115 936 3142 0115 936 3276 The Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South EDINBURGH LOTHIAN EH14 4AP United Kingdom enquiries@bgs.ac.uk https://ukgtp.bgs.ac.uk WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link UK Geothermal Platform Web Map An interactive Web map for exploring geothermal energy potential, assessing constraints, and making informed exploration decisions. https://ukgeothermalplatform.org WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link UK Geothermal Platform An online platform for exploring geothermal energy potential, assessing constraints, and making informed exploration decisions. dataset INSPIRE Implementing rules laying down technical arrangements for the interoperability and harmonisation of Geology 2011 See the referenced specification false Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 See http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:323:0011:0102:EN:PDF false The theoretical potential 'heat-in-place' (HIP) in the Upper Devonian formations of the Midland Valley of Scotland was calculated as part of a first regional-scale assessment of the deep geothermal potential of hot sedimentary aquifers in Scotland. The study considers the Kinnesswood Formation and Stratheden Group as the main target units, and includes the construction of an updated 3D geological model. The HIP was calculated for resource temperatures greater than 50 °C (minimum temperature required for direct-use applications of geothermal energy) using the 3DHIP tool (Piris et al., 2021). The tool is based on the USGS volumetric HIP method developed by Muffler and Cataldi (1978). It uses a Monte Carlo simulation to calculate the P50 probability distribution function for the HIP based on the P50 distribution of the reservoir volume, derived from the updated 3D geological model (depth and thickness of the Kinneswood Formation and Stratheden Group), gridded at an XYZ spatial resolution of 500 x 500 x 50 m, and the temperature distribution. Constant values for the mean reservoir porosity (11.4%), fluid density (1040 kg/m3), rock density (2495 kg/m3), fluid specific heat capacity (3.8 kJ/kg°C) and rock specific heat capacity (0.943 kJ/kg°C) was attributed to the reservoir based on an analysis of various studies and available borehole data. The average temperature gradient of 26.6 °C/km calculated from available equilibrium and/or deep temperature data was used to map the temperature distribution within the reservoir, assuming a surface temperature of 8 °C. An upper depth cut-off of 1400 m, which corresponds to a reservoir temperature of c. 50 °C, was used to calculate the theoretical geothermal resources available for direct use only, assuming a reference (i.e. reinjection) temperature of 25 °C.