b6d3de94-c1db-42f6-9342-061f6b74d99c eng utf8 dataset dataset NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre +44 (0)1223 221400 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/business-teams/information-services/uk-polar-data-centre/ information pointOfContact 2025-10-01 ISO 19115 Geographic Information - Metadata ISO 19115:2003(E) European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) Geodetic Parameter Registry 2008-11-12 publication European Petroleum Survey Group EPSGadministrator@iogp.org https://www.epsg-registry.org/ EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset The EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset is a structured dataset of Coordinate Reference Systems and Coordinate Transformations, accessible through this online registry. information publisher urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::3031 6.18.3 Solar Wind and Geomagnetic Conditions that Lead to the Largest Relativistic Electron Fluxes in GPS Orbit 2025-10-01 creation 2025-10-01 revision 2025-10-01 publication 2025-10-01 released 1.0 https://doi.org/10.5285/b6d3de94-c1db-42f6-9342-061f6b74d99c doi GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/02088 https://data.bas.ac.uk/ Please cite this item as: Meredith, N., Bortnik, J., Hua, M., Cayton, T., Clilverd, M., Daggitt, T., & Bunting, K. (2025). Solar Wind and Geomagnetic Conditions that Lead to the Largest Relativistic Electron Fluxes in GPS Orbit (Version 1.0) [Data set]. NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/b6d3de94-c1db-42f6-9342-061f6b74d99c Relativistic electrons are an important space weather hazard, being a major source of radiation damage to satellites and posing a risk to humans in space. We use approximately 20 years of data from the US Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite NS41 to determine the characteristics of the geomagnetic storms that lead to the largest relativistic electron fluxes in GPS orbit. The largest CME-driven events are associated with the solar wind having negative excursions of the IMF Bz with minimum values of ~-14 nT two hours prior to zero epoch, defined as the time of the minimum in the Dst index and strong Dst minima, reaching ~-130 nT at zero epoch. In contrast, events driven by high speed solar wind streams (HSSs) are associated with smaller negative excursions of IMF Bz with minimum values of ~-4 nT two hours prior to zero epoch and moderate Dst minima, reaching ~-60 nT at zero epoch. Compared with HSS-driven events, peak E = 2.0 MeV fluxes associated with CME-driven events are larger by factors of 1.3 at L=4.5 and 2.4 at L=6.5. Both the CME- and HSS-driven events are associated with enhancements in the solar wind number density and pressure prior to zero epoch. Following zero epoch the solar wind number density and pressure become low and substorm activity is enhanced for several days. No credit. completed Meredith, Nigel British Antarctic Survey Researcher author Bortnik, Jacob UCLA Researcher author Hua, Man UCLA Researcher author Cayton, Thomas Retired Researcher author Clilverd, Mark British Antarctic Survey Researcher author Daggitt, Thomas British Antarctic Survey Researcher author Bunting, Kaine British Antarctic Survey Researcher author NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre +44 (0)1223 221400 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom PDCServiceDesk@bas.ac.uk https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/business-teams/information-services/uk-polar-data-centre/ information pointOfContact asNeeded completed EARTH SCIENCE > Sun-earth Interactions > Solar Energetic Particle Flux > Electron Flux EARTH SCIENCE > Sun-earth Interactions > Ionosphere/Magnetosphere Dynamics > Magnetic Storms theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026-01-27 publication 23 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD United States of America https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Geomagnetic storms Medium Earth orbit Relativistic electrons theme Global place Atmospheric conditions theme GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2021-01-06 revision otherRestrictions no limitations to public access otherRestrictions no limitations license This dataset is supplied under the Open Government Licence v3.0: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/ url url crossReference textTable eng utf8 geoscientificInformation -180.0 180.0 -90.0 90.0 2000-12-10 2020-07-25 It is recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of any data, and that the author be contacted with any questions regarding appropriate use. If you find any errors or omissions, please report them to polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk. NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre +44 (0)1223 221400 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom PDCServiceDesk@bas.ac.uk https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/business-teams/information-services/uk-polar-data-centre/ information distributor bytes 1 http://ramadda.data.bas.ac.uk/repository/entry/show?entryid=b6d3de94-c1db-42f6-9342-061f6b74d99c WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Get Data Download data download dataset Methodology: The data used in this study were collected by the Burst Detector Dosimeter IIR (BDD-IIR) on board the US GPS satellite NS41. The data is publicly available from http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/space-weather/satellite-data/satellite-systems/gps/data/ns41. Full details of the subsequent analysis are given in Meredith et al. (2025). Data collection: BDD-IIR is a multi-purpose silicon detector system. It features 8 individual channels of a "shield/filter/sensor" design that permits the detector to sample roughly half the celestial sphere while at the same time shielding the silicon sensor elements from most of the incident particle flux. Data quality: The particle data have been calibrated and quality-controlled prior to release. asNeeded completed