ba22d53b-4eee-48a1-b6f3-653d252c0358 English ISO/IEC 8859-1 (also known as Latin 1) dataset dataset NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4AP UK info@eidc.ac.uk https://eidc.ac.uk/ EIDC website The Environmental Information Data Centre (EIDC) is the UK's national data centre for terrestrial and freshwater sciences. information pointOfContact 2025-11-13T16:12:51 UK GEMINI 2.3 WGS 84 Groundwater levels, salinity, pH, and rainfall on the Indian Ocean island of Karainagar, Sri Lanka, 2019–2024 2025-05-28 publication https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/ba22d53b-4eee-48a1-b6f3-653d252c0358 10.5285/ba22d53b-4eee-48a1-b6f3-653d252c0358 doi: Karthiga, I., Rameshwaran, P., Ketheesan, B., Sriskandarajah, N. (2025). Groundwater levels, salinity, pH, and rainfall on the Indian Ocean island of Karainagar, Sri Lanka, 2019–2024. NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre 10.5285/ba22d53b-4eee-48a1-b6f3-653d252c0358 [This dataset is embargoed until August 31, 2026]. This dataset includes measurements of groundwater levels, salinity, and pH collected from 36 dug wells, along with rainfall data, on the Indian Ocean island of Karainagar, Sri Lanka, spanning the period from 2019 to 2024. Karainagar, the study area, is one of seven islands located off the coast of Jaffna in northern Sri Lanka. This rectangular island is bounded on three sides by the Palk Strait, while the fourth side faces the Jaffna Lagoon and is connected to the mainland by a causeway. Karainagar covers an area of approximately 22 km², including inland water bodies. Thirty-six dug wells—used for agricultural, domestic, Kovil (Temple), and public purposes—were inventoried. These wells were monitored to track groundwater levels and key physicochemical parameters, specifically salinity (measured as electrical conductivity, EC) and pH, on Karainagar Island. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/ba22d53b-4eee-48a1-b6f3-653d252c0358 Ponnambalam Rameshwaran UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk pointOfContact Karthiga, I. University of Jaffna karthigainthirakumaran@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0123-6934 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Rameshwaran, P. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-953X ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Ketheesan, B. University of Jaffna kethees@eng.jfn.ac.lk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9801-7091 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Sriskandarajah, N. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences nadarajah.sriskandarajah@slu.se https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9429-6767 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author University of Jaffna EMAIL NOT PROVIDED owner UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk owner NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre info@eidc.ac.uk custodian NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre info@eidc.ac.uk publisher Environmental Monitoring Facilities theme GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2008-06-01 publication groundwater atmospheric precipitation water salinity freshwater brackish water water well water level GEMET - Concepts, version 4.1.3 2019-01-28 creation Hydrology Climate and climate change Water quality Sri Lanka Karainagar Island pH Electrical Conductivity otherRestrictions Embargoed otherRestrictions This resource is available under the terms of the Open Government Licence otherRestrictions If you reuse this data, you should cite: Karthiga, I., Rameshwaran, P., Ketheesan, B., Sriskandarajah, N. (2025). Groundwater levels, salinity, pH, and rainfall on the Indian Ocean island of Karainagar, Sri Lanka, 2019–2024. NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre https://doi.org/10.5285/ba22d53b-4eee-48a1-b6f3-653d252c0358 textTable English utf8 environment inlandWaters utilitiesCommunication 2019-01-01 2024-12-31 79.847 79.904 9.702 9.768 Comma-separated values (CSV) NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre info@eidc.ac.uk distributor dataset dataset Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 Groundwater levels and well dimensions (kerb height, diameter/width, and bottom elevation) were measured using a measuring tape. The locations of the dug wells and ground elevations relative to Mean Sea Level (MSL) were determined using a Global Positioning System (GPS) and land surveys. Salinity (measured as electrical conductivity, EC) and pH were recorded using a Hach HQ40D multi-parameter meter. Daily rainfall time series data were obtained from the records of the Agrarian Services Centre (ASC) in Karainagar.