Chapter 3 of the Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report - data for Figure 3.37 (v20220620)

Data for Figure 3.37 from Chapter 3 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).

Figure 3.37 shows observed and simulated seasonality of ENSO.

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How to cite this dataset

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When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates:

Eyring, V., N.P. Gillett, K.M. Achuta Rao, R. Barimalala, M. Barreiro Parrillo, N. Bellouin, C. Cassou, P.J. Durack, Y. Kosaka, S. McGregor, S. Min, O. Morgenstern, and Y. Sun, 2021: Human Influence on the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 423–552, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.005.

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Figure subpanels

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The figure has two panels. All the data are provided in enso_seasonality.nc.

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List of data provided

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This dataset contains

- Climatological standard deviation of the ENSO index

- A seasonality metric of the ENSO index

in observations, CMIP5 historical-RCP4.5 and CMIP6 historical simulations.

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Data provided in relation to figure

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Panel a:

- stdv_enso_obs; black curves

. ERSSTv5, dashed lines: dataset = 1

. HadISST, solid lines: dataset = 2

- stdv_enso_cmip5: Climatological standard deviation of the ENSO index time series in each ensemble member of CMIP5 models blue curve and shading

- stdv_enso_cmip6: Climatological standard deviation of the ENSO index time series in each ensemble member of CMIP6 models; red curve and shading

. ACCESS-CM2: ens_cmip6 = 1 - 3

. ACCESS-ESM1-5: ens_cmip6 = 4 - 23

. AWI-CM-1-1-MR: ens_cmip6 = 24 - 28

. AWI-ESM-1-1-LR: ens_cmip6 = 29

. BCC-CSM2-MR: ens_cmip6 = 30 - 32

. BCC-ESM1: ens_cmip6 = 33 - 35

. CAMS-CSM1-0: ens_cmip6 = 36-38

. CanESM5-CanOE: ens_cmip6 = 39 - 41

. CanESM5: ens_cmip6 = 42 - 106

. CESM2-FV2: ens_cmip6 = 107 - 109

. CESM2: ens_cmip6 = 110 - 120

. CESM2-WACCM-FV2: ens_cmip6 = 121 - 123

. CESM2-WACCM: ens_cmip6 = 124 - 126

. CIESM: ens_cmip6 = 127 - 129

. CMCC-CM2-HR4: ens_cmip6 = 130

. CMCC-CM2-SR5: ens_cmip6 = 131

. CMCC-ESM2: ens_cmip6 = 132

. CNRM-CM6-1-HR: ens_cmip6 = 133

. CNRM-CM6-1: ens_cmip6 = 134 - 162

. CNRM-ESM2-1: ens_cmip6 = 163 - 172

. E3SM-1-0: ens_cmip6 = 173 - 177

. E3SM-1-1-ECA: ens_cmip6 = 178

. E3SM-1-1: ens_cmip6 = 179

. EC-Earth3-AerChem: ens_cmip6 = 180, 181

. EC-Earth3-CC: ens_cmip6 = 182

. EC-Earth3: ens_cmip6 = 183 - 204

. EC-Earth3-Veg-LR: ens_cmip6 = 205 - 207

. EC-Earth3-Veg: ens_cmip6 = 208 - 215

. FGOALS-f3-L: ens_cmip6 = 216 - 218

. FGOALS-g3: ens_cmip6 = 219 - 224

. FIO-ESM-2-0: ens_cmip6 = 225 - 227

. GFDL-CM4: ens_cmip6 = 228

. GFDL-ESM4: ens_cmip6 = 229 - 231

. GISS-E2-1-G-CC: ens_cmip6 = 232

. GISS-E2-1-G: ens_cmip6 = 233 - 278

. GISS-E2-1-H: ens_cmip6 = 279 - 302

. HadGEM3-GC31-LL: ens_cmip6 = 303 - 306

. HadGEM3-GC31-MM: ens_cmip6 = 307 - 310

. IITM-ESM: ens_cmip6 = 311

. INM-CM4-8: ens_cmip6 = 312

. INM-CM5-0: ens_cmip6 = 313 - 322

. IPSL-CM5A2-INCA: ens_cmip6 = 323

. IPSL-CM6A-LR: ens_cmip6 = 324 - 355

. KACE-1-0-G: ens_cmip6 = 356-358

. KIOST-ESM: ens_cmip6 = 359

. MCM-UA-1-0: ens_cmip6 = 360, 361

. MIROC6: ens_cmip6 = 362 - 411

. MIROC-ES2L: ens_cmip6 = 412 - 421

. MPI-ESM-1-2-HAM: ens_cmip6 = 422 - 424

. MPI-ESM1-2-HR: ens_cmip6 = 425 - 434

. MPI-ESM1-2-LR: ens_cmip6 = 435 - 444

. MRI-ESM2-0: ens_cmip6 = 445 - 450

. NESM3: ens_cmip6 = 451 - 455

. NorCPM1: ens_cmip6 = 456 - 485

. NorESM2-LM: ens_cmip6 = 486 - 488

. NorESM2-MM: ens_cmip6 = 489 - 490

. SAM0-UNICON: ens_cmip6 = 491

. TaiESM1: ens_cmip6 = 492

. UKESM1-0-LL: ens_cmip6 = 493 - 510

Panel b:

- seasonality_enso_obs; black vertical lines and numbers in the top right box

. ERSSTv5, dashed lines: dataset = 1

. HadISST, solid lines: dataset = 2

- seasonality_enso_cmip5; Seasonality metric in each ensemble member of CMIP5 models; blue box-whisker and number in the top right box

- seasonality_enso_cmip6; Seasonality metric in each ensemble member of CMIP6 models; red dots, with their multimodal ensemble mean and percentiles for the red box-whisker and number in the top right box

. ACCESS-CM2: ens_cmip6 = 1 - 3

. ACCESS-ESM1-5: ens_cmip6 = 4 - 23

. AWI-CM-1-1-MR: ens_cmip6 = 24 - 28

. AWI-ESM-1-1-LR: ens_cmip6 = 29

. BCC-CSM2-MR: ens_cmip6 = 30 - 32

. BCC-ESM1: ens_cmip6 = 33 - 35

. CAMS-CSM1-0: ens_cmip6 = 36-38

. CanESM5-CanOE: ens_cmip6 = 39 - 41

. CanESM5: ens_cmip6 = 42 - 106

. CESM2-FV2: ens_cmip6 = 107 - 109

. CESM2: ens_cmip6 = 110 - 120

. CESM2-WACCM-FV2: ens_cmip6 = 121 - 123

. CESM2-WACCM: ens_cmip6 = 124 - 126

. CIESM: ens_cmip6 = 127 - 129

. CMCC-CM2-HR4: ens_cmip6 = 130

. CMCC-CM2-SR5: ens_cmip6 = 131

. CMCC-ESM2: ens_cmip6 = 132

. CNRM-CM6-1-HR: ens_cmip6 = 133

. CNRM-CM6-1: ens_cmip6 = 134 - 162

. CNRM-ESM2-1: ens_cmip6 = 163 - 172

. E3SM-1-0: ens_cmip6 = 173 - 177

. E3SM-1-1-ECA: ens_cmip6 = 178

. E3SM-1-1: ens_cmip6 = 179

. EC-Earth3-AerChem: ens_cmip6 = 180, 181

. EC-Earth3-CC: ens_cmip6 = 182

. EC-Earth3: ens_cmip6 = 183 - 204

. EC-Earth3-Veg-LR: ens_cmip6 = 205 - 207

. EC-Earth3-Veg: ens_cmip6 = 208 - 215

. FGOALS-f3-L: ens_cmip6 = 216 - 218

. FGOALS-g3: ens_cmip6 = 219 - 224

. FIO-ESM-2-0: ens_cmip6 = 225 - 227

. GFDL-CM4: ens_cmip6 = 228

. GFDL-ESM4: ens_cmip6 = 229 - 231

. GISS-E2-1-G-CC: ens_cmip6 = 232

. GISS-E2-1-G: ens_cmip6 = 233 - 278

. GISS-E2-1-H: ens_cmip6 = 279 - 302

. HadGEM3-GC31-LL: ens_cmip6 = 303 - 306

. HadGEM3-GC31-MM: ens_cmip6 = 307 - 310

. IITM-ESM: ens_cmip6 = 311

. INM-CM4-8: ens_cmip6 = 312

. INM-CM5-0: ens_cmip6 = 313 - 322

. IPSL-CM5A2-INCA: ens_cmip6 = 323

. IPSL-CM6A-LR: ens_cmip6 = 324 - 355

. KACE-1-0-G: ens_cmip6 = 356-358

. KIOST-ESM: ens_cmip6 = 359

. MCM-UA-1-0: ens_cmip6 = 360, 361

. MIROC6: ens_cmip6 = 362 - 411

. MIROC-ES2L: ens_cmip6 = 412 - 421

. MPI-ESM-1-2-HAM: ens_cmip6 = 422 - 424

. MPI-ESM1-2-HR: ens_cmip6 = 425 - 434

. MPI-ESM1-2-LR: ens_cmip6 = 435 - 444

. MRI-ESM2-0: ens_cmip6 = 445 - 450

. NESM3: ens_cmip6 = 451 - 455

. NorCPM1: ens_cmip6 = 456 - 485

. NorESM2-LM: ens_cmip6 = 486 - 488

. NorESM2-MM: ens_cmip6 = 489 - 490

. SAM0-UNICON: ens_cmip6 = 491

. TaiESM1: ens_cmip6 = 492

. UKESM1-0-LL: ens_cmip6 = 493 - 510

Acronyms - ENSO - El Niño–Southern Oscillation, CMIP - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, RCP - Representative Concentration Pathway, ERSST - Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature, HadISST - Hadley Centre Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature, ACCESS- CM2 – Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator coupled climate model, ACCESS- ESM – Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator Earth system model, AWI - Alfred Wegener Institute, BCC-CSM - Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model, CAMS - Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CanOE - Canadian Ocean Ecosystem, CESM2 - Community Earth System Model, WACCM - Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, CIESM - Community Integrated Earth System Model, CNCC - Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per I Cambiamenti Climatici, CNRM - Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, E3SM - Energy Exascale Earth System Model, FGOALS - Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model, FIO-ESM - First Institute of Oceanography Earth System Model, GFDL - Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, GISS - Goddard Institute for Space Studies, IITM - Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, INM - Institute for Numerical Mathematics, IPSL - Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, KIOST-ESM - Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology Earth System, MIROC - Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate, MPI - Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, NESM - Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Earth System Model, NorCPM - Norwegian Climate Prediction Model, SAM0-UNICON - Seoul National University Atmosphere Model version 0 with a Unified Convection Scheme (SAM0-UNICON), TaiESM1 - Taiwan Earth System Model version 1, UKESM - The UK Earth System Modelling project.

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Notes on reproducing the figure from the provided data

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Multimodel ensemble means and percentiles are calculated after weighting individual members with the inverse of the ensemble size of the same model. The weight is provided as the weight attribute of ens_cmip5 and ens_cmip6.

If X(i) is the array, and w(i) the corresponding weight.

- Mean shoud be suｍ_i(X(i) * w(i)) / sum_i(w(i))

- For percentile values,

1. Sort X and w so that X is in the ascending order

2. Accumulate w until i = j so that accumulated(w)/sum_i(w(i)) equals or exceeds the specified percentile level (e.g. 0.05)

3. Use X(j) or (X(j) + X(j - 1))/2 as the percentile value

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Sources of additional information

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The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record:

- Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 3)

- Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 3, which contains details on the input data used in Table 3.SM.1

- Link to the code for the figure, archived on Zenodo

- Link to the figure on the IPCC AR6 website

Date (Publication): 2022-06-27T11:38:16

Date (Creation): 2022-06-27T11:38:16

Citation identifier: https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/babcd0de678e4d10aef395f1a265da03

Citation identifier: NERC EDS Centre for Environmental Data Analysis / babcd0de678e4d10aef395f1a265da03

Citation identifier: doi / 10.5285/babcd0de678e4d10aef395f1a265da03

Point of contact

Organisation name	Individual name	Electronic mail address	Role
Unavailable	Kosaka, Yu	Unavailable	Author
Unavailable	McGregor, Shayne	Unavailable	Author
Unavailable	Cassou, Christophe	Unavailable	Author
Unavailable	Kazeroni, Rémi	Unavailable	Author
NERC EDS Centre for Environmental Data Analysis		support@ceda.ac.uk	Custodian
NERC EDS Centre for Environmental Data Analysis		support@ceda.ac.uk	Distributor
NERC EDS Centre for Environmental Data Analysis		support@ceda.ac.uk	pointofContact
NERC EDS Centre for Environmental Data Analysis		support@ceda.ac.uk	Publisher

Maintenance and update frequency: Not planned

Update scope: Dataset

Keywords

IPCC-DDC
IPCC
AR6
WG1
WGI
Sixth Assessment Report
Working Group 1
Physical Science Basis
ENSO
modes of variability
seasonality
CMIP5
CMIP6

GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0

atmospheric conditions

Access constraints: Other restrictions

Other constraints: Public data: access to these data is available to both registered and non-registered users.

Use constraints: Other restrictions

Other constraints: Under the following licence http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, appropriate use of these data may fall under any use. This message is intended as guidance, always read the full licence. When using these data you must cite them correctly using the citation given on the CEDA Data Catalogue record.

Spatial representation type: Grid

Language: English

Topic category

Climatology, meteorology, atmosphere

Begin date: 1951-01-01T12:00:00

End date: 2010-12-31T12:00:00

Unique resource identifier: WGS 84

Distribution format

Name	Version
Data are netCDF formatted

Distributor contact

Organisation name	Individual name	Electronic mail address	Role
NERC EDS Centre for Environmental Data Analysis		support@ceda.ac.uk	Distributor

OnLine resource

Protocol	Linkage	Name
	https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/babcd0de678e4d10aef395f1a265da03	CEDA Data Catalogue Page

OnLine resource

Protocol	Linkage	Name
	http://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ar6_wg1/data/ch_03/ch3_fig37/v20220620	DOWNLOAD

OnLine resource

Protocol	Linkage	Name
	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6656600	CODE FOR FIGURE (archived at Zenodo)

OnLine resource

Protocol	Linkage	Name
	https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Chapter03.pdf	ORIGIN OF FIGURE (IPCC REPORT CHAPTER): Eyring, V., N.P. Gillett, K.M. Achuta Rao, R. Barimalala, M. Barreiro Parrillo, N. Bellouin, C. Cassou, P.J. Durack, Y. Kosaka, S. McGregor, S. Min, O. Morgenstern, and Y. Sun, 2021: Human Influence on the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

OnLine resource

Protocol	Linkage	Name
	https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Chapter_03_Supplementary_Material.pdf	SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL FOR REPORT CHAPTER: Eyring, V., N.P. Gillett, K.M. Achuta Rao, R. Barimalala, M. Barreiro Parrillo, N. Bellouin, C. Cassou, P.J. Durack, Y. Kosaka, S. McGregor, S. Min, O. Morgenstern, and Y. Sun: 2021, Human Influence on the Climate System Supplementary Material. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

OnLine resource

Protocol	Linkage	Name
	https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/figures/chapter-3/figure-3-37	Link to the figure

OnLine resource

Protocol	Linkage	Name
	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14986391	Complex Citation Object: CMIP6 input data usage information for IPCC WGI AR6 figure 3.37, Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14986391

Hierarchy level: Dataset

Conformance result

Title: Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services

Date (Publication): 2010-12-08

Statement: Data produced by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) authors and supplied for archiving at the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) by the Technical Support Unit (TSU) for IPCC Working Group I (WGI).

Data curated on behalf of the IPCC Data Distribution Centre (IPCC-DDC).

Metadata

File identifier: babcd0de678e4d10aef395f1a265da03 XML

Metadata language: English

Character set: UTF8

Parent identifier: IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) Chapter 3: Human influence on the climate system
932c79b1f7cd4f34b7c542f316f39c17

Hierarchy level: Dataset

Date stamp: 2026-02-25T03:24:20

Metadata standard name: UK GEMINI

Metadata standard version: 2.3

Metadata author

Organisation name	Individual name	Electronic mail address	Role
NERC EDS Centre for Environmental Data Analysis		support@ceda.ac.uk	Point of contact

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