c0261633-fd14-4d45-a58d-72998816c4cd eng utf8 dataset dataset NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre +44 (0)1223 221400 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/business-teams/information-services/uk-polar-data-centre/ information pointOfContact 2017-07-05 ISO 19115 Geographic Information - Metadata ISO 19115:2003(E) European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) Geodetic Parameter Registry 2008-11-12 publication European Petroleum Survey Group EPSGadministrator@iogp.org https://www.epsg-registry.org/ EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset The EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset is a structured dataset of Coordinate Reference Systems and Coordinate Transformations, accessible through this online registry. information publisher urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::3031 6.18.3 Salinity profiles of snow on sea ice in the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) during austral winter 2013 2017-07-05 creation 2017-07-05 revision 2017-07-05 publication 2017-07-05 released None https://doi.org/10.5285/c0261633-fd14-4d45-a58d-72998816c4cd doi GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/00945 https://data.bas.ac.uk/ Please cite this item as: Frey, M. (2017). Salinity profiles of snow on sea ice in the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) during austral winter 2013 (Version None) [Data set]. Polar Data Centre; British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council; Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK.. https://doi.org/10.5285/c0261633-fd14-4d45-a58d-72998816c4cd Small particles (known as aerosol) in the atmosphere play several critical roles. They affect the transmission of sunlight to the underlying surface; they affect the formation of clouds, and they host and enhance important chemical reactions. When they are deposited on ice they leave a record of past conditions that can be accessed by drilling ice cores. The most significant aerosol component over marine areas is sea salt aerosol. Over most of the world's oceans this is created by bubble bursting in sea spray. However there is strong evidence that another source of sea salt aerosol is important in the polar regions, and that this ultimately derives from the surface of sea ice. The existence of this source forms the basis for a proposed method using ice core data for determining changes in sea ice extent over long time periods. Additionally sea salt aerosol, along with salty sea ice surfaces, is the host for the production of halogen compounds which seem to play a key role in the oxidation chemistry of the polar regions. It is therefore important to understand the sources of polar sea salt aerosol and therefore to be able to predict how they may vary with, and feedback to, climate. It was recently proposed that the main source of this polar sea salt aerosol was the sublimation of salty blowing snow. The idea is that snow on sea ice has a significant salinity. When this salty snow is mobilised into blowing snow, sublimation from the (top of) the blowing snow layer will allow the formation of sea salt aerosol above the blowing snow layer, that can remain airborne after the blowing snow has ceased. First calculations suggested that this would provide a strong source of aerosol (greater than that from open ocean processes over an equivalent area). It was proposed that this would have a strong influence on polar halogen chemistry and a noticeable influence on halogens at lower latitudes. However, this was based on estimates of the relevant parameters as there were no data about aerosol production from this source, and almost no data about blowing snow over sea ice in general. Participation in a rare sea ice cruise onboard the German ice breaker Polarstern operated by Alfred-Wegener-Institut (AWI) provided the opportunity to access the sea ice covered Weddell Sea during Austral winter 2013. Snow on sea ice was sampled at various locations, and the snow salinity was subsequently measured in the ship's laboratory. No credit. completed Frey, Markus British Antarctic Survey Researcher author NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre +44 (0)1223 221400 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom PDCServiceDesk@bas.ac.uk https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/business-teams/information-services/uk-polar-data-centre/ information pointOfContact asNeeded completed EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Sea Ice > Salinity theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026-01-27 publication 23 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD United States of America https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Weddell Sea bulk salinity profiles sea ice surface snow theme Weddell Sea Antarctica place Oceanographic geographical features theme GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2021-01-06 revision otherRestrictions no limitations to public access otherRestrictions no limitations license Open Government Licence v3.0 otherRestrictions This dataset is made available under the Open Government Licence 3.0 () otherRestrictions This dataset is made available under the Open Government Licence 3.0 (http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/) url url crossReference doi doi crossReference textTable eng utf8 environment geoscientificInformation oceans -51.24 0.1 -68.06 -63.41 2013-06-21 2013-08-04 It is recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of any data, and that the author be contacted with any questions regarding appropriate use. If you find any errors or omissions, please report them to polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk. NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre +44 (0)1223 221400 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom PDCServiceDesk@bas.ac.uk https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/business-teams/information-services/uk-polar-data-centre/ information distributor bytes 1 https://ramadda.data.bas.ac.uk/repository/entry/show/?entryid=c0261633-fd14-4d45-a58d-72998816c4cd WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Get Data Download data download dataset Data collection: Surface snow on sea ice was sampled from top to bottom at approximately 2 cm vertical resolution. The bottom sample classified as ice is the top layer of the sea ice. Bulk salinities of melted snow samples were determined with a conductivity meter (Hach SensIon5, cell constant 0.437 1/cm) within 3 days of sample collection. The Hach SensIon5 ranges (resolution) are 0-199.9 (0.1) microSiemens; 200-19,999 (10) microSiemens; 2-19.99 (0.01) mS; 20-199.9 (0.1) mS. The Hach SensIon5 has automatic non-linear temperature compensation based on NaCl solution and reference temperature T=25 degC. The Hach SensIon5 was calibrated with a standard salt solution (REAGECON Prod. No. CSKC12880 Lot No. CS1288012K1) of 12.880 mS/cm at 25.1 degC, certified & traceable to N.I.S.T. asNeeded completed