c6e27bda1fc849c098a7fff7ff69fd5a English 8-bit variable size UCS Transfer Format, based on ISO/IEC 10646 dataset NERC EDS Centre for Environmental Data Analysis 01235446432 RAL Space STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus Didcot OX11 0QX United Kingdom support@ceda.ac.uk pointOfContact 2026-05-06T02:26:53 UK GEMINI 2.3 WGS 84 Halkali Agricultural School (Istanbul, Turkey): Daily Meteorological Observations 1896-1917 2022-06-08T10:23:13 publication 2022-06-08T10:23:13 creation https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/c6e27bda1fc849c098a7fff7ff69fd5a c6e27bda1fc849c098a7fff7ff69fd5a NERC EDS Centre for Environmental Data Analysis 10.5285/c6e27bda1fc849c098a7fff7ff69fd5a doi Daily weather observations measured by students and staff at Halkali Agricultural School (a school opened in 1892 for agriculture and animal husbandry during the Ottoman period) from 1896 to 1917 in Istanbul, Turkey have been transcribed from the original publications into digital form and translated from Ottoman Turkish (the Perso-Arabic script) to English (Latin alphabet). Over 55 thousand observations of daily maximum, minimum and average temperature, rainfall, soil and under soil (0.25m) temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind speed were recovered. Yilmaz, Ferhat Unavailable author Unavailable author Tsamados, Michel Unavailable author Unavailable author Osborn, Dan Unavailable author Unavailable author NERC EDS Centre for Environmental Data Analysis custodian 01235446432 RAL Space STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus Didcot OX11 0QX United Kingdom support@ceda.ac.uk custodian NERC EDS Centre for Environmental Data Analysis distributor 01235446432 RAL Space STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus Didcot OX11 0QX United Kingdom support@ceda.ac.uk distributor Yilmaz, Ferhat Unavailable principal_investigator Unavailable principalInvestigator NERC EDS Centre for Environmental Data Analysis point_of_contact 01235446432 RAL Space STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus Didcot OX11 0QX United Kingdom support@ceda.ac.uk pointofContact NERC EDS Centre for Environmental Data Analysis publisher 01235446432 RAL Space STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus Didcot OX11 0QX United Kingdom support@ceda.ac.uk publisher notPlanned dataset Meteorology atmospheric conditions theme GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2008-06-01 publication otherRestrictions Public data: access to these data is available to both registered and non-registered users. otherRestrictions Under the following licence http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/, appropriate use of these data may fall under any use. This message is intended as guidance, always read the full licence. When using these data you must cite them correctly using the citation given on the CEDA Data Catalogue record. grid English climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere 28.78 28.78 41.03 41.03 1896-12-13T00:00:00 1917-12-31T00:00:00 Data are BADC-CSV and JPEG formatted. NERC EDS Centre for Environmental Data Analysis Data Center Contact 01235446432 RAL Space STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus Didcot OX11 0QX United Kingdom support@ceda.ac.uk distributor https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/c6e27bda1fc849c098a7fff7ff69fd5a CEDA Data Catalogue Page Detail and access information for the resource information http://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/deposited2022/Ottoman_data_halkali_1896_1917 DOWNLOAD Download Data download dataset Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 The Halkal Agricultural School paid increased attention to meteorological observations and weather forecasts due to the weather's significance in agriculture. Since late 1896 until 1917, students and faculty at Halkali have measured numerous parameters, including daily maximum, minimum, and average temperature, precipitation, soil and subsoil (0.25m) temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed, wind direction, and weather status. The primary objective of these observations was to conduct agricultural activities under suitable weather conditions.