d6721952-a9ab-4021-adc6-1ccb4d52f1f9 eng utf8 dataset dataset NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre +44 (0)1223 221400 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/business-teams/information-services/uk-polar-data-centre/ information pointOfContact 2023-06-01 ISO 19115 Geographic Information - Metadata ISO 19115:2003(E) European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) Geodetic Parameter Registry 2008-11-12 publication European Petroleum Survey Group EPSGadministrator@iogp.org https://www.epsg-registry.org/ EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset The EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset is a structured dataset of Coordinate Reference Systems and Coordinate Transformations, accessible through this online registry. information publisher urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::3031 6.18.3 21st century land cover change across the major proglacial regions of West Antarctica and the McMurdo Dry Valleys 2023-06-01 creation 2023-06-01 revision 2023-06-01 publication 2023-06-01 released 1.0 https://doi.org/10.5285/d6721952-a9ab-4021-adc6-1ccb4d52f1f9 doi GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01745 https://data.bas.ac.uk/ NE/S007458/1 award Please cite this item as: Stringer, C. (2025). 21st century land cover change across the major proglacial regions of West Antarctica and the McMurdo Dry Valleys (Version 1.0) [Data set]. NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/d6721952-a9ab-4021-adc6-1ccb4d52f1f9 We present here the land cover change of the major proglacial regions in West Antarctica and the McMurdo Dry Valleys during the 21st century. We have used change vector analysis on Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images to an accuracy of 80 %. This work is supported by the Leeds-York-Hull Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Doctoral Training Partnership (DTP) Panorama under grant NE/S007458/1. The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic project VAN 1/2022 and the Czech Antarctic Foundation funded fieldwork that contributed to part of this work. No credit. completed Stringer, Christopher School of Geography, University of Leeds Researcher author NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre +44 (0)1223 221400 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom PDCServiceDesk@bas.ac.uk https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/business-teams/information-services/uk-polar-data-centre/ information pointOfContact asNeeded completed EARTH SCIENCE > Land Surface > Erosion/Sedimentation > Sediments EARTH SCIENCE > Land Surface > Land Use/Land Cover > Land Cover EARTH SCIENCE > Land Surface > Land Use/Land Cover theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026-01-27 publication 23 Global Change Data Center, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD United States of America https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/gcmd/global-change-master-directory-gcmd-keywords Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords. information publisher Antarctica Google Earth Engine Landsat land cover change sediment theme South Georgia Antarctica James Ross Archipelago Antarctica Byers Peninsula Antarctica Snow Island Antarctica Alexander Island Antarctica west Palmer Land Antarctica McMurdo Dry Valleys Antarctica place Land cover theme GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2021-01-06 revision otherRestrictions no limitations to public access otherRestrictions no limitations license Open Government Licence v3.0 otherRestrictions This data is governed by the NERC Data Policy: https://www.ukri.org/who-we-are/nerc/our-policies-and-standards/nerc-data-policy/ otherRestrictions This data is governed by the NERC data policy and supplied under Open Government Licence v.3 otherRestrictions None doi doi crossReference doi doi dependency url url crossReference doi doi crossReference textTable eng utf8 environment geoscientificInformation -72.4 -63.0 -73.74 -70.26 2000-02-21 2003-02-11 It is recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of any data, and that the author be contacted with any questions regarding appropriate use. If you find any errors or omissions, please report them to polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk. NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre +44 (0)1223 221400 British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET United Kingdom PDCServiceDesk@bas.ac.uk https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/business-teams/information-services/uk-polar-data-centre/ information distributor text/plain image/tiff bytes 3639984783 https://ramadda.data.bas.ac.uk/repository/entry/show?entryid=d6721952-a9ab-4021-adc6-1ccb4d52f1f9 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Get Data Download data download bytes 3639984783 https://ramadda.data.bas.ac.uk/repository/entry/show?entryid=d6721952-a9ab-4021-adc6-1ccb4d52f1f9 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Get Data Download data download dataset Methodology: Our methodology is based on: Xu, R., Lin, H., Lü, Y., Luo, Y., Ren, Y., Comber, A., 2018. A Modified Change Vector Approach for Quantifying Land Cover Change. Remote Sens. 10, 1578. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10101578. We acquired images from 2001-2003 from Landsat 7 ETM+ (legacy image) and from 2016-2020 from Landsat 8 OLI (contemporary image) to create a pair of image mosaics for each site. Suitable images had low cloud cover and limited snow cover. We selected six bands representing the visual and infrared wavelengths from the images for classification and topographically corrected the images. We added three further bands to the image in the form of normalised difference snow index (NDSI), normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), and normalised difference water index (NDWI). We then merged each image pair to create single 18-band imaged, and added 3 further bands to describe the Euclidean distance, change vector angle and spectral angle mapper of each pair. This resulted in a 21-band image. Using a modern classification of Byers' Peninsula (available from: Stringer, C. (2022). Contemporary (2016 - 2020) land cover classification across West Antarctica and the McMurdo Dry Valleys (Version 1.0) [Data set]. NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/5A5EE38C-E296-48A2-85D2-E29DB66E5E24 ) and a legacy classification of Byers' Peninsula produced using the same methodology as Stringer (2022). We identified a series of class to class (ClTCl) changes using these classified images. We removed any ClTCl changes that represented less than 1 % of the points to reduce the risk of misclassification. The remaining points described 12 ClTCl change classes: wet ice to coarse/wet sediment (WITC), ice to fine & dry sediment (ITF), ice to coarse/wet sediment (ITC), ice to turbid water (ITT), coarse/wet sediment to turbid water (CTT), coarse/wet sediment to wet ice (CTWI), fine & dry sediment to bedrock (FTB), coarse/wet sediment to bedrock (CTB), coarse/wet sediment to fine & dry sediment (CTF), coarse/wet sediment to vegetation (CTV), bedrock to coarse sediment (BTC), fine and dry sediment to coarse/wet sediment (FTC). Using 8,500 randomly selected points, we identified the spectral properties of each class to class change using the 21-band image. We then used a random forest classifier (500 trees) to classify the 21-band image at each site. We modified the training dataset for each of our five-proglacial sites to ensure that only changes between classes present in the modern land classification were possible. Class to class changes should be considered in the context of the process they represent (e.g. land to water, ice to land, etc.) and not solely the ClCl value assigned to them. The legacy land classification is described by band values of: 0 = No data 1 = Water 2 = Turbid water 3 = Wet ice 4 = Ice 5 = Land (non-differentiated) 6 = Bedrock 7 = Coarse/wet sediment 8 = Fine & dry sediment 9 = Vegetation The land change classification is described by band values of: 0 = No change 12 = Wet ice to coarse/wet sediment (WITC) 16 = Ice to turbid water (ITT) 18 = Ice to coarse/wet sediment (ITC) 19 = Ice to fine & dry sediment (ITF) 25 = Bedrock to coarse/wet sediment (BTC) 29 = Coarse/wet sediment to turbid water (CTT) 30 = Coarse/wet sediment to wet ice (CTWI) 32 = Coarse/wet sediment to bedrock (CTB) 33 = Coarse/wet sediment to fine & dry sediment (CTF) 34 = Coarse/wet sediment to vegetation (CTV) 39 = Fine & dry sediment to bedrock (FTB) 40 = Fine & dry sediment to coarse/wet sediment (CTW) Data quality: First, we calculated the resubstitutuion error to assess the differences between the training data classes and predictions the classifier made. This shows the accuracy of the model based on the training data made available to it was 100.0 %. To validate the accuracy of our change maps, we reproduced the change detection analysis on Byers Peninsula with a 70/30 split of the training points between the classifier and validation. To ensure this split was unbiased, we randomly sorted the training points. This showed a total validation of accuracy of 80.1 %. asNeeded completed