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                            <gco:CharacterString>The information provided on this page seeks to define how the GCMD Keywords are structured, used and accessed. It also provides information on how users can participate in the further development of the keywords.</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:description>
                          <gmd:function>
                            <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/ISO_19139_Schemas/resources/codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                          </gmd:function>
                        </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                      </gmd:onlineResource>
                    </gmd:CI_Contact>
                  </gmd:contactInfo>
                  <gmd:role>
                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/resources/Codelists/cat/codelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="publisher">publisher</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
                  </gmd:role>
                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
              </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Bacterial production</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Glacier</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Primary production</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Sequencing</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Signy Island</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Snow</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Superimposed ice</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/ISO_19139_Schemas/resources/codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Gourlay Snowfield and Tuva Glacier, Signy Island Antarctica</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/ISO_19139_Schemas/resources/codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme/hb" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Habitats and biotopes</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme/el" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Elevation</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/ISO_19139_Schemas/resources/codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date>
                <gmd:CI_Date>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gco:Date>2021-01-06</gco:Date>
                  </gmd:date>
                  <gmd:dateType>
                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/resources/Codelists/cat/codelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="revision">revision</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
                  </gmd:dateType>
                </gmd:CI_Date>
              </gmd:date>
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:accessConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/resources/Codelists/cat/codelists.xml#MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
          </gmd:accessConstraints>
          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/LimitationsOnPublicAccess/noLimitations" xlink:actuate="onRequest">no limitations to public access</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:accessConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/resources/Codelists/cat/codelists.xml#MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
          </gmd:accessConstraints>
          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/LimitationsOnPublicAccess/noLimitations" xlink:actuate="onRequest">no limitations</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:useConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/resources/Codelists/cat/codelists.xml#MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="license">license</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
          </gmd:useConstraints>
          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Open Government Licence v3.0</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:useConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/resources/Codelists/cat/codelists.xml#MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
          </gmd:useConstraints>
          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gco:CharacterString>This data is governed by the NERC Data Policy: https://www.ukri.org/who-we-are/nerc/our-policies-and-standards/nerc-data-policy/</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:useConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/resources/Codelists/cat/codelists.xml#MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
          </gmd:useConstraints>
          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gco:CharacterString>This data is governed by the NERC data policy  and supplied under Open Government Licence v.3</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:useConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/resources/Codelists/cat/codelists.xml#MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
          </gmd:useConstraints>
          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gco:CharacterString>Requests for data can be made via the UK Polar Data Centre (UK PDC) at BAS.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:aggregationInfo>
        <gmd:MD_AggregateInformation>
          <gmd:aggregateDataSetIdentifier>
            <gmd:RS_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FH014446%2F1" xlink:actuate="onRequest">url</gmx:Anchor>
              </gmd:code>
              <gmd:codeSpace>
                <gco:CharacterString>url</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:codeSpace>
            </gmd:RS_Identifier>
          </gmd:aggregateDataSetIdentifier>
          <gmd:associationType>
            <gmd:DS_AssociationTypeCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/resources/Codelists/cat/codelists.xml#DS_AssociationTypeCode" codeListValue="crossReference">crossReference</gmd:DS_AssociationTypeCode>
          </gmd:associationType>
        </gmd:MD_AggregateInformation>
      </gmd:aggregationInfo>
      <gmd:aggregationInfo>
        <gmd:MD_AggregateInformation>
          <gmd:aggregateDataSetIdentifier>
            <gmd:RS_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://data.bas.ac.uk/metadata.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/00989" xlink:actuate="onRequest">url</gmx:Anchor>
              </gmd:code>
              <gmd:codeSpace>
                <gco:CharacterString>url</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:codeSpace>
            </gmd:RS_Identifier>
          </gmd:aggregateDataSetIdentifier>
          <gmd:associationType>
            <gmd:DS_AssociationTypeCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/resources/Codelists/cat/codelists.xml#DS_AssociationTypeCode" codeListValue="crossReference">crossReference</gmd:DS_AssociationTypeCode>
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        </gmd:MD_AggregateInformation>
      </gmd:aggregationInfo>
      <gmd:aggregationInfo>
        <gmd:MD_AggregateInformation>
          <gmd:aggregateDataSetIdentifier>
            <gmd:RS_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://ramadda.data.bas.ac.uk/repository/entry/show/?entryid=da355c78-3039-4a1d-b257-664e0f4dfd24" xlink:actuate="onRequest">url</gmx:Anchor>
              </gmd:code>
              <gmd:codeSpace>
                <gco:CharacterString>url</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:codeSpace>
            </gmd:RS_Identifier>
          </gmd:aggregateDataSetIdentifier>
          <gmd:associationType>
            <gmd:DS_AssociationTypeCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/resources/Codelists/cat/codelists.xml#DS_AssociationTypeCode" codeListValue="crossReference">crossReference</gmd:DS_AssociationTypeCode>
          </gmd:associationType>
        </gmd:MD_AggregateInformation>
      </gmd:aggregationInfo>
      <gmd:aggregationInfo>
        <gmd:MD_AggregateInformation>
          <gmd:aggregateDataSetIdentifier>
            <gmd:RS_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://data.bas.ac.uk/metadata.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/00928" xlink:actuate="onRequest">url</gmx:Anchor>
              </gmd:code>
              <gmd:codeSpace>
                <gco:CharacterString>url</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:codeSpace>
            </gmd:RS_Identifier>
          </gmd:aggregateDataSetIdentifier>
          <gmd:associationType>
            <gmd:DS_AssociationTypeCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/resources/Codelists/cat/codelists.xml#DS_AssociationTypeCode" codeListValue="crossReference">crossReference</gmd:DS_AssociationTypeCode>
          </gmd:associationType>
        </gmd:MD_AggregateInformation>
      </gmd:aggregationInfo>
      <gmd:aggregationInfo>
        <gmd:MD_AggregateInformation>
          <gmd:aggregateDataSetIdentifier>
            <gmd:RS_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://www.ecoantarctica.group.shef.ac.uk/index.html" xlink:actuate="onRequest">url</gmx:Anchor>
              </gmd:code>
              <gmd:codeSpace>
                <gco:CharacterString>url</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:codeSpace>
            </gmd:RS_Identifier>
          </gmd:aggregateDataSetIdentifier>
          <gmd:associationType>
            <gmd:DS_AssociationTypeCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/resources/Codelists/cat/codelists.xml#DS_AssociationTypeCode" codeListValue="largerWorkCitation">largerWorkCitation</gmd:DS_AssociationTypeCode>
          </gmd:associationType>
        </gmd:MD_AggregateInformation>
      </gmd:aggregationInfo>
      <gmd:spatialRepresentationType>
        <gmd:MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/ISO_19139_Schemas/resources/codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode" codeListValue="textTable">textTable</gmd:MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode>
      </gmd:spatialRepresentationType>
      <gmd:language>
        <gmd:LanguageCode codeList="http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php" codeListValue="eng">eng</gmd:LanguageCode>
      </gmd:language>
      <gmd:characterSet>
        <gmd:MD_CharacterSetCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/ISO_19139_Schemas/resources/codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_CharacterSetCode" codeListValue="utf8">utf8</gmd:MD_CharacterSetCode>
      </gmd:characterSet>
      <gmd:topicCategory>
        <gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>biota</gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>
      </gmd:topicCategory>
      <gmd:topicCategory>
        <gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere</gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>
      </gmd:topicCategory>
      <gmd:topicCategory>
        <gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>environment</gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>
      </gmd:topicCategory>
      <gmd:extent>
        <gmd:EX_Extent id="bounding">
          <gmd:geographicElement>
            <gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox>
              <gmd:westBoundLongitude>
                <gco:Decimal>-45.644</gco:Decimal>
              </gmd:westBoundLongitude>
              <gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
                <gco:Decimal>-45.607</gco:Decimal>
              </gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
              <gmd:southBoundLatitude>
                <gco:Decimal>-60.726</gco:Decimal>
              </gmd:southBoundLatitude>
              <gmd:northBoundLatitude>
                <gco:Decimal>-60.709</gco:Decimal>
              </gmd:northBoundLatitude>
            </gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox>
          </gmd:geographicElement>
          <gmd:temporalElement>
            <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
              <gmd:extent>
                <gml:TimePeriod>
                  <gml:beginPosition>2012-12-01</gml:beginPosition>
                  <gml:endPosition>2013-03-31</gml:endPosition>
                </gml:TimePeriod>
              </gmd:extent>
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          </gmd:temporalElement>
        </gmd:EX_Extent>
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      <gmd:supplementalInformation>
        <gco:CharacterString>It is recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of any data, and that the author be contacted with any questions regarding appropriate use. If you find any errors or omissions, please report them to polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk.</gco:CharacterString>
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    </gmd:MD_DataIdentification>
  </gmd:identificationInfo>
  <gmd:distributionInfo>
    <gmd:MD_Distribution>
      <gmd:distributor>
        <gmd:MD_Distributor>
          <gmd:distributorContact>
            <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
              <gmd:organisationName>
                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://ror.org/01rhff309" xlink:actuate="onRequest" xlink:title="ror">NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre</gmx:Anchor>
              </gmd:organisationName>
              <gmd:contactInfo>
                <gmd:CI_Contact>
                  <gmd:phone>
                    <gmd:CI_Telephone>
                      <gmd:voice>
                        <gco:CharacterString>+44 (0)1223 221400</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:voice>
                    </gmd:CI_Telephone>
                  </gmd:phone>
                  <gmd:address>
                    <gmd:CI_Address>
                      <gmd:deliveryPoint>
                        <gco:CharacterString>British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:deliveryPoint>
                      <gmd:city>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Cambridge</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:city>
                      <gmd:administrativeArea>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Cambridgeshire</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:administrativeArea>
                      <gmd:postalCode>
                        <gco:CharacterString>CB3 0ET</gco:CharacterString>
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                      <gmd:country>
                        <gco:CharacterString>United Kingdom</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:country>
                      <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                        <gco:CharacterString>PDCServiceDesk@bas.ac.uk</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                    </gmd:CI_Address>
                  </gmd:address>
                  <gmd:onlineResource>
                    <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                      <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://www.bas.ac.uk/team/business-teams/information-services/uk-polar-data-centre/</gmd:URL>
                      </gmd:linkage>
                      <gmd:function>
                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/ISO_19139_Schemas/resources/codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                      </gmd:function>
                    </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                  </gmd:onlineResource>
                </gmd:CI_Contact>
              </gmd:contactInfo>
              <gmd:role>
                <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/resources/Codelists/cat/codelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="distributor">distributor</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
              </gmd:role>
            </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
          </gmd:distributorContact>
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                <gco:CharacterString>bytes</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:transferSize>
                <gco:Real>1</gco:Real>
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              <gmd:onLine>
                <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                  <gmd:linkage>
                    <gmd:URL>https://ramadda.data.bas.ac.uk/repository/entry/show/?entryid=da355c78-3039-4a1d-b257-664e0f4dfd24</gmd:URL>
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                  <gmd:protocol>
                    <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:name>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Get Data</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:description>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Download data</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:function>
                    <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/ISO_19139_Schemas/resources/codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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        </gmd:MD_Distributor>
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    <gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
      <gmd:scope>
        <gmd:DQ_Scope>
          <gmd:level>
            <gmd:MD_ScopeCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/resources/Codelists/cat/codelists.xml#MD_ScopeCode" codeListValue="dataset">dataset</gmd:MD_ScopeCode>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Methodology: 
Melted snow and ice (500-1500 mL) was filtered onto 0.2&amp;micro;m Whatman&amp;reg; Nucleopore using a sterilized filtration unit. DNA was isolated from the filter using MoBio PowerWater&amp;reg; DNA isolation kit and following the instruction manuals.&#xD;
The highly variable V3/V4 region of the 16S rDNA was amplified with bacterial primers S-D-Bact-0341-b-S-17 forward and S-D-Bact-0785-a-A-21 reverse, with overhang illumina adaptor attached to the primer sequences, creating a single amplicon of ~460 bp (Klindworth et al., 2013). The reaction was carried out in 50 &amp;micro;l volumes containing 0.3 mg/ml Bovine Serum Albumin, 250 uM dNTPs, 0.5 uM of each primer, 0.02 U Phusion High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase (Finnzymes OY, Espoo, Finland) and 5x Phusion HF Buffer containing 1.5mM MgCl2. The following PCR conditions were used: initial denaturation at 95C for 5min, followed by 25 cycles consisting of denaturation (95oC for 40 s), annealing (55oC for 2 min) and extension (72oC for 1 min) and a final extension step at 72oC for 7 min. Samples were sequenced using illumina MiSeq platform at Liverpool Centre for Genomics Research and generated 2 x 300 bp overlapping pair-end reads.&#xD;
The 16S sequences were further processed using mothur (v. 1.35) pipeline (Schloss et al., 2009). Chimeric sequences were identified and removed using UCHIME (Edgar et al., 2011). Reads were clustered into operational taxonomical units (OTUs), based on at least 97% sequence similarity, and assigned taxonomical identification against SILVA bacterial database (Quast et al., 2013).
Data collection: 
Instruments used include:&#xD;
PCR machine&#xD;
MiSeq illumina sequencer</gco:CharacterString>
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    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
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