dae416b4-3762-45bd-ae14-c554883d482c English ISO/IEC 8859-1 (also known as Latin 1) dataset dataset NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4AP UK info@eidc.ac.uk https://eidc.ac.uk/ EIDC website The Environmental Information Data Centre (EIDC) is the UK's national data centre for terrestrial and freshwater sciences. information pointOfContact 2025-11-13T16:14:37 UK GEMINI 2.3 WGS 84 Leaf phenology synchrony for Meso- and South America v2 2019-01-09 publication https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/dae416b4-3762-45bd-ae14-c554883d482c 10.5285/dae416b4-3762-45bd-ae14-c554883d482c doi: George, C.T., Weedon, G.P., Hayman, G., Gerard, F.F. (2019). Leaf phenology synchrony for Meso- and South America v2. NERC Environmental Information Data Centre 10.5285/dae416b4-3762-45bd-ae14-c554883d482c The leaf phenology product presented here shows the amplitude of annual cycles observed in MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) 16-day time-series of 2000 to 2013 for Meso- and South America. The values given represent a conservative measure of the amplitude after the annual cycle was identified and tested for significance by means of the Lomb-Scargle Transform. The amplitude was derived for four sets of vegtation indices (VI) time-series based on the MODIS VI products (500m MOD13A1; 1000m MOD13A2). The amplitude value can be interpreted as the degree in which the life cycles of individual leaves of plants observed within a pixel are synchronised. In other words, given the local variation in environment and climate and the diversity of species leaf life cycle strategies, an image pixel will represent vegetation communities behaving between two extremes: * well synchronized, where the leaf bud burst and senescence of the individual plants within the pixel occurs near simultaneously, yielding a high amplitude value. Often this matches with an area of low species diversity (e.g. arable land) or with areas where the growth of all plants is controlled by the same driver (e.g. precipitation). * poorly synchronized, where the leaf bud burst and senescence of individual plants within a pixel occurs at different times of the year, yielding a low amplitude value. Often this matches with an area of high species diversity and/or where several drivers could be controlling growth. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/dae416b4-3762-45bd-ae14-c554883d482c George, C. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk pointOfContact George, C.T. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6318-2196 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Weedon, G.P. Met Office graham.weedon@metoffice.gov.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1262-9984 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author Hayman, G. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk author Gerard, F.F. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5916-5174 ORCID record ORCID is an open, non-profit, community-driven effort to create and maintain a registry of unique researcher identifiers and a transparent method of linking research activities and outputs to these identifiers. information author NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre info@eidc.ac.uk custodian NERC Environmental Information Data Centre info@eidc.ac.uk publisher notPlanned Phenology vegetation index (VI) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) enhanced vegetation index (EVI) otherRestrictions no limitations otherRestrictions This resource is made available under the terms of the Open Government Licence otherRestrictions © Natural Environment Research Council otherRestrictions If you reuse this data, you should cite: George, C.T., Weedon, G.P., Hayman, G., Gerard, F.F. (2019). Leaf phenology synchrony for Meso- and South America v2. NERC Environmental Information Data Centre https://doi.org/10.5285/dae416b4-3762-45bd-ae14-c554883d482c grid 500 1000 English utf8 environment 2000-01-01 2013-12-31 -120.685 -32.091 -58.002 33.843 TIFF NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre info@eidc.ac.uk distributor https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/sd/dae416b4-3762-45bd-ae14-c554883d482c.zip Supporting information Supporting information available to assist in re-use of this dataset information https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/datastore/eidchub/dae416b4-3762-45bd-ae14-c554883d482c Download the data Download a copy of this data fileAccess dataset dataset Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 The key underlying method is the Lomb-Scargle (LS) a well established and efficient methodology to analyse time series data. The LS can be used for the detection of regular cycles, even when hidden in a noisy background and when the time series in question contains data gaps. The LS estimates a power spectrum that indicates the average variance in a time series at different time scales or frequencies. Standard linear de-trending of the data before application of the LS allows an analysis of a 'stationary' time series as the mean and variance should ideally be more-or-less constant. We used two approaches to evaluate the amplitude values. The first involved comparing the full extent of the amplitude data grids with the independent International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) land cover map. This was done with histograms showing the distribution of the amplitude values found within each of the IGBP cover classes. The second approach compared published in situ site observations that describe canopy leaf life cycles through leaf flushing and falling, LAI and litter fall or other observations, with the corresponding amplitude values of these sites.