eef3b409c658599bb048521d0d546d7b English dataset Polly Hadžiabdić British Oceanographic Data Centre Head of the BODC Requests Team Joseph Proudman Building 6 Brownlow Street Liverpool Merseyside L3 5DA United Kingdom enquiries@bodc.ac.uk https://www.bodc.ac.uk/ pointOfContact 2021-12-20T06:31:16 MEDIN 3.1.1 urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::4326 OGP International Polar Year Gas Hydrates Data Set British Oceanographic Data Centre record 1048IPY_GAS_HYDRATES 2017-10-03 publication 2013-03-22 creation 2017-03-30 revision EDMED4286 http://www.bodc.ac.uk/ The dataset comprises concentration of gas hydrates beneath the seabed, in the water column and, atmosphere along with the topography of the sea floor. Data were collected in the Arctic Ocean off the NorthWestern coast of Svalbard across the continental margin between 78 and 80 North and 4 and 11 East. The data were collected during cruise JR211 which, over two legs, took place between 23rd August 2008 and 24th September 2008. Geophysical and geological techniques were used to detect methane hydrate beneath the seafloor and to investigate features trough which methane escapes to the seafloor. The seabed was imaged and mapped using a multibeam sonar (Simrad EM120), an echosounder (Simrad EK60), TOBI deep-towed sidescan sonar (30 kHz), widescan sidescan sonar (100 and 350 kHz). The sedimentary layers and geological structures beneath the seabed were imaged with the 7 kHz profiler in TOBI, a TOPAS sub-bottom acoustic profiler and multichannel seismic reflaction (96 channels with 6.25 m group spacing) using two air guns in true GI mode 45/105 cu.in. More accurate information on seismic velocity was obtained by deploying ocean-bottom seismometers on the seabed which contained 3 Sercel L-28 4.5 Hz geophones and a High Tech HTI-90-U hydrophone. Sediment samples were obtained using a piston corer, a gravity corer and, a box corer. Water chemistry was measured from discrete samples taken from bottles attached to the conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensor package and continuously from the ship's seawater supply. Methane concentration was measured on-board using a headspace technique. Air samples were collected at 12 hour intervals. Sampling occurred on the Navigation Bridge deck and the side of the ship upwind of the ships emissions was chosen each time. Additional samples were also collected close to the ship's funnel, to check for contamination, and from the gas released by the cores when in an inert atmosphere (N2). Analysis of methane mixing ratio is performed by Gas Chromatography - Flame Ionisation Detector (GC-FID) and the stable carbon isotopic composition of methane is analysed using a continuous flow Gas Chromatography - Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (GC-IRMS) system. Almost half of the Earth's carbon is stored in gas hydrates and related shallow gas deposits. Numerical models predict that this reservoir is highly mobile and that escaping gas has a significant potential to accelerate climate change releasing as much as 2000 Gt of methane over a short period of time. As methane is a potent greenhouse gas it would course further global warming. Arctic gas hydrates are most vulnerable to future climate change because (1) it is predicted that temperatures will increase faster in the Arctic than in low latitudes (2) the intercept of the gas hydrate stability zone with the seabed is within the reach of fast warming surface waters and (3) the water column above the vulnerable zone of gas hydrates is smaller than in warmer oceans facilitating more efficient transport of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. This information will allow a detailed assessment of the mobility of Arctic gas hydrates and it will significantly decrease the uncertainties involved in climate modelling. The data were collected by the National Oceanographic Centre, Southampton with Professor Tim Minshull as the principal scientist on-board. Unknown National Oceanography Centre (Southampton) Unknown University of Southampton Waterfront Campus European Way Southampton Hampshire SO14 3ZH United Kingdom enquiries@noc.ac.uk http://noc.ac.uk owner Unknown National Oceanography Centre (Southampton) Unknown University of Southampton Waterfront Campus European Way Southampton Hampshire SO14 3ZH United Kingdom enquiries@noc.ac.uk http://noc.ac.uk originator British Oceanographic Data Centre Director Joseph Proudman Building 6 Brownlow Street Liverpool Merseyside L3 5DA United Kingdom enquiries@bodc.ac.uk https://www.bodc.ac.uk/ custodian British Oceanographic Data Centre Director Joseph Proudman Building 6 Brownlow Street Liverpool Merseyside L3 5DA United Kingdom enquiries@bodc.ac.uk https://www.bodc.ac.uk/ distributor asNeeded unknown Vertical Coverages 2020-05-21 revision Air temperature Temperature variation in the water column Active seismic refraction Side-scan sonar Horizontal spatial co-ordinates Concentration of aliphatic hydrocarbons in sediment samples Salinity of the water column Concentration of alkanes in the atmosphere Concentration of alkanes in the water column Seismic reflection Solar Radiation Bathymetry and Elevation Wind strength and direction Air pressure Electrical conductivity of the water column SeaDataNet PDV 2021-05-19 revision Elevation Geographical grid systems Land cover Hydrography Oceanographic geographical features Geology Energy resources Atmospheric conditions Meteorological geographical features INSPIRE themes 2009-07-31 revision Natural Environment Research Council Designated Data Centres Marine Environmental Data and Information Network MEDIN metadata record availability 2012-01-11 revision otherRestrictions No limitations apply Data are freely available for teaching and research, providing due acknowledgment in any publication produced, following agreement to the terms and conditions of the British Oceanographic Data Centre Data Licence. The licence terms and conditions are available via https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/documents/nodb/267795/ otherRestrictions Usage restrictions are specified in the terms of the licence English geoscientificInformation oceans location climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere -4.00 11.00 -78.00 80.00 SeaVoX water bodies 2021-10-28 revision Arctic Ocean 2008-01-01 2008-12-31 Network Common Data Form Ocean Data View https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/bodc_database/nodb/data_collection/4286/ BODC online data delivery service National Oceanographic Database data delivery service; pre-filtered for the data collection. order dataset COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 publication BODC protocols are based on the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) model enabling BODC to iterate towards compliance with the on-going evolution and development of community requirements including FAIR (Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,Reusable), TRUST (Transparency, Responsibility, User community, Sustainability, Technology) and CARE (Collective Benefit, Authority to Control, Responsibility, Ethics). Data managers quality assure submissions and assemble the metadata necessary for curation. Submissions (as received) are placed in a long-term accession and stored in triplicate across multiple sites. Appropriate data are transferred into a standard internal format with source variable names mapped to controlled vocabularies, documentation assembled, and metadata loaded into BODC databases. Access to these data is through direct request, the BODC website and through partner repositories such as SeaDataNet. Access control is attained by assigning a data policy to each set of data and this policy is used to administer access when data are requested. Discovery metadata is aligned with EU INSPIRE (through MEDIN) and SeaDataNet community standards. Data are converted to open community formats including Ocean Data View ASCII and SeaDataNet NetCDF, with data described using terms from the NERC vocabulary server. BODC submission agreements are documented on the BODC website and customer service is assured with a dedicated requests team that serve data following local regulations including General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 2018 and Environmental Information Regulations (EIR) 2004. true This dataset was created by the organisations with the "originator" role in this metadata record following their in-house data processing and quality control procedures. The data were then provided to the British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) for ingestion into one of the schemas of the National Oceanographic Database (NODB). During ingestion BODC undertake quality control, documentation and metadata enhancement procedures appropriate to the type of data. For an overview please see http://www.bodc.ac.uk/about/information_technology/data_processing_steps/. BODC supply full information about data collection, data processing and data quality with all data requests to enable users to assess data suitability themselves. Instrument(s) used to collect data: thermosalinographs; sidescan sonars; single-beam echosounders; multi-beam echosounders; discrete water samplers; 1000 Hz top-bandwidth multi-channel seismic reflection systems; seismometers; hydrophones; unconsolidated sediment corers; GI-gun; gas chromatographs; inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometers; Differential Global Positioning System receivers; CTD; discrete air samplers.