Date (Creation)

2022-02-28

Date (Revision)

2022-02-28

Date (Publication)

2022-02-28

Date (released)

2022-02-28

Edition

1.0

Unique resource identifier

https://doi.org/10.5285/f85ee4eb-8918-4aa4-8e51-6c46f4c812cb

Codespace

doi

Unique resource identifier

GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01621

Codespace

https://data.bas.ac.uk/

Other citation details

Please cite this item as: Roberts, S., McCulloch, R., Emmings, J., Davies, S., Vyverman, W., Verleyen, E., & Hayward, C. (2022). Biological, chronological, geochemical and physical sedimentological data for the LP16 lake sediment record extracted from Lago Pato, Torres del Paine, Southern Chile in 2015 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/f85ee4eb-8918-4aa4-8e51-6c46f4c812cb

Credit

No credit.

Status

Completed

Point of contact

Organisation name	Individual name	Electronic mail address	Role
British Antarctic Survey	Roberts, Stephen		Author
None	McCulloch, Robert		Author
British Geological Survey	Emmings, Joseph		Author
Aberystwyth University	Davies, Sarah		Author
Ghent University	Vyverman, Wim		Author
Ghent University	Verleyen, Elie		Author
Grant Institute	Hayward, Chris		Author
NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre		PDCServiceDesk@bas.ac.uk	Point of contact

Maintenance and update frequency

As needed

Maintenance note

Completed

Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords

• EARTH SCIENCE > Paleoclimate > Ocean/Lake Records > Sediments

Theme

• Last Glacial Maximum

• Patagonia

• Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds

• glaciation

• lake level changes

• palaeoclimate

• palaeolimnology

Place

• Lago Pato, Torres del Paine National Park, Patagonia Chile

GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0

• Geology

Access constraints

Other restrictions

Other constraints

no limitations to public access

Access constraints

Other restrictions

Other constraints

no limitations

Use constraints

License

Other constraints

Open Government Licence v3.0

Use constraints

Other restrictions

Other constraints

This data is governed by the NERC Data Policy: https://www.ukri.org/who-we-are/nerc/our-policies-and-standards/nerc-data-policy/

Use constraints

Other restrictions

Other constraints

This data is governed by the NERC data policy and supplied under Open Government Licence v.3

Use constraints

Other restrictions

Other constraints

No restrictions apply.

Unique resource identifier

url

Codespace

url

Association Type

Cross reference

Unique resource identifier

url

Codespace

url

Association Type

Cross reference

Spatial representation type

Text, table

Language

English

Character set

UTF8

Topic category

• Environment
• Inland waters

Supplemental Information

It is recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of any data, and that the author be contacted with any questions regarding appropriate use. If you find any errors or omissions, please report them to polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk.

Title

European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) Geodetic Parameter Registry

Date (Publication)

2008-11-12

Cited responsible party

Organisation name	Individual name	Electronic mail address	Role
European Petroleum Survey Group		EPSGadministrator@iogp.org	Publisher

Unique resource identifier

urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::3031

Version

6.18.3

Hierarchy level

Dataset

Statement

Methodology:

Sediment cores were collected using a 50 cm long Russian corer from the terrestrial shoreline of Lago Pato (LP16: 51.3031 S, 72.6816 W, 33-34 m a.s.l., 295 cm long total recovered sediment depth).

Chronology

A chronology was established using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating 15 samples. Calibration of radiocarbon ages was undertaken in OXCAL v.4.4 using the SHCal20.14C Southern Hemisphere atmosphere calibration curve (SH20). Radiocarbon ages are reported as conventional radiocarbon years BP (14C years BP) ±1sigma and calibrated ages as 2sigma (95.4%) ranges, median and mean calendar years BP (cal a BP and cal ka BP, relative to 1950 CE), rounded to the nearest ten years. Age-depth models were developed using Bayesian age-depth modelling software (rBACON v.2.5). Modelled age data mean ages produced by the SH20M1H (Southern Hemisphere, SHcal20, radiocarbon calibration curve) in rBACON, where M1 indicates Model 1 and H indicates the inclusion of a hiatus in the model.

Geochemistry

Contiguous downcore wet-sediment Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) X-ray fluorescence core scanning (XRF-CS) data was collected using an ITRAXTM XRF core scanner fitted with a Molybdenum (Mo) anode X-ray tube (settings: 30 kV, 50 mA, count time 10 seconds, at 500 micrometers for LP16 Units 2-6 (9.6±17.4 years) and at 200 micometers for LP16 Unit 1 200 micrometers (1.1±1.6 years).

Tephra glass shard geochemistry was analysed using the Cameca SX-100 electron probe microanalyser (EPMA) at the Tephra Analytical Unit, University of Edinburgh with a beam diameter of 8 micrometers and run conditions: 15 keV/2 nA (Al, Ka, Si Ka, K Ka, Ca Ka, Na Ka, Mg Ka, K Ka, Ca Ka, Fe Ka); 15 keV/80 nA (P Ka, Ti Ka, Mn Ka, P Ka, Ti Ka). New shard geochemical data was compared to a database of distal tephra major element glass shard analyses from Southern South America.

Sedimentology

Physical properties were measured with a Geotek® multi-sensor core logger (MSCL) (gamma-ray wet density (gamma-density), resistivity and magnetic susceptibility (MSkappa; SI x 10-5) data (Bartington Instruments; LP08: MS2C loop sensor, 2 mm intervals, 10 seconds; LP16: MS2E point sensor, 0.5 mm intervals; 10 seconds) and density-corrected MSkappa (kappa/rho; kg m-3)). Digital X-radiographs were obtained from split cores using a rotating anode mobile digital Celtic SMR CR computerised X radiography unit at Cambridge University Vet School (48kV; 4 mAs; no grid) and as ITRAX generated digital X-radiographs (45 kV, 50 mA.ms, 200 ms, 60 µm interval) at Aberystwyth University. Subsample data includes Loss-on-ignition (LOI) (12 hrs drying at 110°C, 4 hrs at 550°C (LOI550), and 2 hrs at 950°C for carbonate-proxy (LOI950x1.36), TOC (Total Organic Carbon (%C or %Corg) and total nitrogen (%N) and carbon isotopic ratios (delta13C).

Data were analysed in MATLAB v. R2021a, R v. 4.1.0/Rstudio v. 1.4.171, using the R packages Vegan, Rioja, Tidyverse, ggplot2, Ggally v. 2.1.2, and in Sigmaplot v. 14.0 and C2 v.1.7.7. Code is available from: https://github.com/stever60/Lago_Pato

Data quality:

Geochemistry

ITRAXTM XRF Raw count per second (cps) data were analysed using the Q-spec software v8.6.0 (Cox Analytical), with MSE values minimised to optimise the fit of 'as measured' spectra to a modelled spectrum. data are presented as percentages of the Total Scatter Normalised ratio sum (%TotalTSN or, more simply, %TSN, which are equivalent to percentages of the cps sum, or %cps) to account for downcore variations in count rate, density, water and organic content. Data less than mean minus two-sigma kcps (mainly due to gaps in the core) and greater than MSE plus two-sigma (representing a poor fit between measured to modelled spectra) were filtered before analysis. 'Noisy' elements were eliminated by comparing cps and using%TSN thresholds of >0.1% mean and >0.5% maximum, and by examining autocorrelation profiles for each element (Bishop, 2021).This left 17 'measurable' elements for the LP16 record (Si , S, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr , Ba, and inc., coh. scatter). Elements are presented as natural log (log n or Ln) ratios. Ti-normalised log n ratios are used to estimate changes in relation to the background bedrock input. Duplicates runs were undertaken on approx10% of the total core depth (LP16-3B at 200 and 500 microns).

Chronology

Radiocarbon ages were rounded to the nearest 10 calendar years (cal a BP) in file LP16_C14_data.csv and the results section and to the nearest 100 years (0.1 cal ka BP) in the discussion to reflect dating and age-depth modelling uncertainties.

Geochemical XRF-Core scanning data were measured at 500 micrometers for LP16 Units 2-6 (9.6±17.4 years) and at 200 micrometers for LP16 Unit 1 200 micrometers (1.1±1.6 years). Data from finely laminated glaciolacustrine sediments in Units 1-2 were measured at or smoothed to 200 micrometers (from 100 micrometers interval data) before analysis.

Metadata

File identifier

f85ee4eb-8918-4aa4-8e51-6c46f4c812cb XML

Metadata language

English

Character set

UTF8

Hierarchy level

Dataset

Hierarchy level name

dataset

Date stamp

2022-02-28

Metadata standard name

ISO 19115 Geographic Information - Metadata

Metadata standard version

ISO 19115:2003(E)

Metadata author

Organisation name	Individual name	Electronic mail address	Role
NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre		polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk	Point of contact