BGS Hosted Metadata
Solar Wind and Geomagnetic Conditions that Lead to the Largest Relativistic Electron Fluxes in GPS Orbit
Relativistic electrons are an important space weather hazard, being a major source of radiation damage to satellites and posing a risk to humans in space. We use approximately 20 years of data from the US Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite NS41 to determine the characteristics of the geomagnetic storms that lead to the largest relativistic electron fluxes in GPS orbit. The largest CME-driven events are associated with the solar wind having negative excursions of the IMF Bz with minimum values of ~-14 nT two hours prior to zero epoch, defined as the time of the minimum in the Dst index and strong Dst minima, reaching ~-130 nT at zero epoch. In contrast, events driven by high speed solar wind streams (HSSs) are associated with smaller negative excursions of IMF Bz with minimum values of ~-4 nT two hours prior to zero epoch and moderate Dst minima, reaching ~-60 nT at zero epoch. Compared with HSS-driven events, peak E = 2.0 MeV fluxes associated with CME-driven events are larger by factors of 1.3 at L=4.5 and 2.4 at L=6.5. Both the CME- and HSS-driven events are associated with enhancements in the solar wind number density and pressure prior to zero epoch. Following zero epoch the solar wind number density and pressure become low and substorm activity is enhanced for several days.
Simple
- Date (Creation)
- 2025-10-01
- Date (Revision)
- 2025-10-01
- Date (Publication)
- 2025-10-01
- Date (released)
- 2025-10-01
- Edition
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1.0
- Unique resource identifier
- https://doi.org/10.5285/b6d3de94-c1db-42f6-9342-061f6b74d99c
- Codespace
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doi
- Unique resource identifier
- GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/02088
- Codespace
- Other citation details
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Please cite this item as: Meredith, N., Bortnik, J., Hua, M., Cayton, T., Clilverd, M., Daggitt, T., & Bunting, K. (2025). Solar Wind and Geomagnetic Conditions that Lead to the Largest Relativistic Electron Fluxes in GPS Orbit (Version 1.0) [Data set]. NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/b6d3de94-c1db-42f6-9342-061f6b74d99c
- Credit
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No credit.
- Status
- Completed
- Point of contact
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Organisation name Individual name Electronic mail address Role British Antarctic Survey Meredith, Nigel
Author UCLA
Bortnik, Jacob
Author UCLA
Hua, Man
Author Retired
Cayton, Thomas
Author British Antarctic Survey Clilverd, Mark
Author British Antarctic Survey Daggitt, Thomas
Author British Antarctic Survey Bunting, Kaine
Author NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre Point of contact
- Maintenance and update frequency
- As needed
- Maintenance note
- Completed
- Theme
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Geomagnetic storms
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Medium Earth orbit
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Relativistic electrons
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- Place
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Global
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GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0
- Access constraints
- Other restrictions
- Other constraints
- no limitations to public access
- Access constraints
- Other restrictions
- Other constraints
- no limitations
- Use constraints
- License
- Other constraints
- This dataset is supplied under the Open Government Licence v3.0: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
- Unique resource identifier
- url
- Codespace
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url
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Spatial representation type
- Text, table
- Language
- English
- Character set
- UTF8
- Topic category
-
- Geoscientific information
))
- Begin date
- 2000-12-10
- End date
- 2020-07-25
- Supplemental Information
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It is recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of any data, and that the author be contacted with any questions regarding appropriate use. If you find any errors or omissions, please report them to polardatacentre@bas.ac.uk.
- Title
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European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) Geodetic Parameter Registry
- Date (Publication)
- 2008-11-12
- Cited responsible party
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Organisation name Individual name Electronic mail address Role European Petroleum Survey Group
Publisher
- Unique resource identifier
- urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::3031
- Version
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6.18.3
Distributor
- Distributor contact
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Organisation name Individual name Electronic mail address Role NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre Distributor
- Units of distribution
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bytes
- Transfer size
- 1
- OnLine resource
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Protocol Linkage Name WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
http://ramadda.data.bas.ac.uk/repository/entry/show?entryid=b6d3de94-c1db-42f6-9342-061f6b74d99c Get Data
- Hierarchy level
- Dataset
- Statement
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Methodology:
The data used in this study were collected by the Burst Detector Dosimeter IIR (BDD-IIR) on board the US GPS satellite NS41. The data is publicly available from http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/space-weather/satellite-data/satellite-systems/gps/data/ns41. Full details of the subsequent analysis are given in Meredith et al. (2025).
Data collection:
BDD-IIR is a multi-purpose silicon detector system. It features 8 individual channels of a "shield/filter/sensor" design that permits the detector to sample roughly half the celestial sphere while at the same time shielding the silicon sensor elements from most of the incident particle flux.
Data quality:
The particle data have been calibrated and quality-controlled prior to release.
Metadata
- File identifier
- b6d3de94-c1db-42f6-9342-061f6b74d99c XML
- Metadata language
- English
- Character set
- UTF8
- Hierarchy level
- Dataset
- Hierarchy level name
-
dataset
- Date stamp
- 2025-10-01
- Metadata standard name
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ISO 19115 Geographic Information - Metadata
- Metadata standard version
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ISO 19115:2003(E)
- Metadata author
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Organisation name Individual name Electronic mail address Role NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre Point of contact
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